Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 1 > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Transference

A

Patient projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Countertransference

A

Doctor projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acting out

A

Immature

Subconsciously coping with stressor or emotional conflict using actions rather than reflections or feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Denial

A

Immature

Avoiding the awareness of some painful reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Displacement

A

Immature

Redirection of emotions or impulses to a neutral person or object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dissociation

A

Immature
Temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress. Patient has incomplete or no memory of traumatic event.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fixation

A

Partially remaining at a more childish level of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Idealization

A

Expressing extremely positive thoughts of self and others while ignoring negative thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identification

A

Largely unconscious assumption of the characteristics, qualities or traits of another person or group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intellectualization

A

Using facts and logic to emotionally distance oneself from a stressful situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Isolation of affect

A

Separating feelings from ideas and events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Passive aggressive

A

Demonstrating hostile feelings in a nonconfrontational manners; indirect opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Projection

A

Attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rationalization

A

Asserting plausible explanations for events that actually occurred for other reasons, avoid self blame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reaction Formation

A

replacing a warded off idea or feeling with an emphasis on its opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Regression

A

involuntarily turning back the maturational clock to behaviors previously demonstrated under stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Repression

A

Involuntarily withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Splitting

A

Believing that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity. Borderline Personality Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sublimation

A

Replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but socially acceptable
Mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Altruism

A

Alleviating negative feelings via unsolicited generosity, which provides gratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Suppression

A

Intentionally withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness temporarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Humor

A

Lightheartedly expressing uncomfortable feelings to shift the internal focus away from distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Infant deprivation effects

A

failure to thrive
poor language/socialization
lack of basic trust
Reactive attachment disorder
Disinhibited social engagement (attached to strangers)
Deprivation for >6 months –> irreversible changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Child Physical Abuse

A

Fracture, bruises, burns
Different stages of healing
Caregivers may delay seeking medical attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Child Sexual Abuse

A

STI, UTI, genital, anal or oral trauma
May be no physical trauma
9-12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Child Emotional abuse

A

lack a bond with caregiver but overly affectionate with other adults
Aggressive toward children and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Child Neglect

A

Failure to provide with adequate food, shelter, supervision, education, affection
Poor hygiene, malnutrition, withdrawal, impaired social development, failure to thrive
Report to CPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vulnerable Child Syndrome

A

Parents perceive the child as susceptible to illness or injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A

<12 years
>6 months of limited attention span or poor impulse control
Hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention in >2 settings
Normal intelligence but difficulty in school
T(x): stimulants, behavioral therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Repetitive, pervasive behavior violating social norms.
After age 18 –> Antisocial Personality Disorder
T(x) CBT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A

Before 10 years
Severe, recurrent temper outbursts
Child is constantly angry and irritable
T(x): CBT, stimulants, antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Intellectual Disability

A

Global cognitive deficits that affect reasoning, memory, abstract thinking, judgement, language, learning.
Difficulty with education, employment, communication, socialization
T(x): psychotherapy, occupational therapy, special ed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Oppositional Defiant disorder

A

Enduring pattern of anger and irritability with argumentative, vindictive and defiant behavior toward authority figures
T(x): CBT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Selective mutism

A

Onset <5 years
Anxiety disorder lasting >1 month involving refraining from speech in certain situations despite speaking in other, usually more comfortable situation.
Development not typically impaired
Coexists with social anxiety disorder
T(x): behavioral, family, play therapy, SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Separation anxiety Disorder

A

Overwhelming fear of separation from home or attachment figure lasting >4 weeks. Can be normal behavior up to 3-4 years. May lead to factitious physical complaints to avoid school
T(x): CBT, play therapy, family therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Specific Learning Disorder

A

Onset during school age years.
Inability to acquire or use information form a specific subject near age expected proficiency for > 6 months despite focused intervention.
General functioning and intelligence are normal
T(x): academic support, counseling, extracurricular activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Tourette Syndrome

A

Onset before age 18
sudden, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor and vocal tics that persist for >1 year.
Coprolalia found in some
Associated with OCD and ADHD
T(x): psychoeducation, Behavioral therapy, haloperidol, fluphenazine, tetrabenazine, a2 agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Orientation

A

Patients’ ability to know the date and time, where they are, and who they are
Loss of orientation- alcohol, drugs, fluid, imbalance, head trauma, hypoglycemia, infection, nutrition, hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Inability to remember things that occurred before a CNS insult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

Inability to remember things that occurred after a CNS insult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Amnesia (anterograde > retrograde) and disorientation caused by vitamin B1 deficiency.
Associated with disruption and destruction of the limbic system (mammillary bodies and anterior thalamus)
Confabulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Depersonalization/ derealization Disorder

A

Persistent feelings of detachment or estrangement from one’s own body, thoughts, perceptions and actions (depersonalization) or one’s environment (derealization)
Intact reality testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

Inability to recall important personal information, usually following severe trauma or stress.
May be accompanied by dissociative fugue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

Presence of >2 distinct identities or personalities
Women
Associated with Hx of sexual abuse, PTSD, depression, substance abuse, borderline personality, somatic symptom disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Delirium

A

Waxing and waning levels of consciousness with acute onset, decrease attention span, decrease level of arousal.
Disorganized thinking, hallucinations, misperceptions
Secondary to identifiable illness
T(x): underlying cause, decrease sleep disturbance, increase cognitive stimulation, antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Delusions

A

False, fixed, idiosyncratic beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary and are not typical of a patient’s culture or religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Disorganized though

A

Speech may be incoherent, tangential, derailed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Hallucinations

A 
Perception in the absence of external stimuli
Auditory- in schizophrenic pt
Visual- drugs, delirium
Tactile- alcohol withdrawal and stimulant use
Olfactory- epilepsy, brain tumors
Gustatory- epilepsy
Hypnagogic- going to sleep, narcolepsy
Hypnopompic- when waking up, narcolepsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Profound functional impairment
(+) hallucinations, delusions, unusual thought processes, disorganized speech, bizarre behavior
(-) flat, blunted affect, apathy, anhedonia, alogia, social withdrawal
Cognitive- reduced ability to understand or make plans, diminished working memory, inattention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Schizophrenia D(x)

A 
>2 symptoms
Delusion
Hallucinations (auditory)
Disorganized speech
Disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms
>1 month of active symptoms over the past 6 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Schizophrenia path

A

associated with altered dopaminergic activity, increased 5HT activity and decreased dendritic branching.
Men
Associated with heavy cannabis use in adolescence
T(x) atypical antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Brief psychotic Disorder

A

> 1 positive symptom lasting <1 month, stress related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

> 2 symptoms lasting 1-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

shares symptoms with both schizophrenia and mood disorders

> 2 weeks of psychotic symptoms without manic or depressive episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Delusional Disorder

A

> 1 delusion lasting >1 month without mood disorder or other psychotic symptoms. Daily functions may be impacted. Can be shared by individuals in close relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

Cluster A
brief psychotic episodes that are less frequent and severe than schizophrenia
Social Anxiety
eccentric appearance, odd beliefs, or magical thinking, interpersonal awkwardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Manic Episode

A 
Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated expansive or irritable mood and increased activity or energy >1 week.
D(x)= >3
Distractibility
Impulsivity
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Increased activity
decrease sleep
Talkative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Hypomanic episode

A

Mood disturbance is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or necessitate hospitalization. >4 consecutive days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Bipolar 1

A

> 1 manic episode +/- hypomanic or depressive episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Bipolar 2

A

hypomanic and a depressive episode. Patient’s mood and functioning usually normal between episodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

mild form of bipolar disorder fluctuating between mild depressive and hypomanic symptoms
>2 years with symptoms present at least half of the time with remission lasting <2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A 
Recurrent episodes lasting >2 weeks characterized by >5 symptoms
Depressed mood
decreased interest
guilt/worthlessness
sleep disturbances
suicidal ideation
psychomotor retardation
Appetite changes
decreased concentration
decreased energy
T(x): CBT and SSRIs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic features

A

MDD + hallucinations or delusions. Psychotic features are typically mood congruent and occur only in the context of major depressive episode
T(x): antidepressant with atypical antipsychotic, ECT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

milder than MDD, >2 depressive symptoms lasting >2 years with any remission lasting <2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

MDD with seasonal pattern

A

Major depressive episodes occurring only during particular season in >2 consecutive years. Atypical symptoms common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Depression with atypical features

A

mood reactivity, hypersomnia, hyperphagia, leaden paralysis, long standing interpersonal rejection sensitivity.
T(x) CBT, SSRIs, then MAOi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Peripartum mood disturbances

A

onset during or shortly after pregnancy or within 4 weeks of delivery. increased risk with Hx of mood disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Maternal postpartum blues

A

depressed affect, tearfulness, fatigue 2-3 days after delivery
resolves within 2 weeks
T(x): supportive and follow up to assess for MDD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

MDD with peripartum onset

A

Meet MDD criteria with onset no later than 1 year after delivery
T(X): CBT and SSRIs

70
Q

Postpartum psychosis

A

mood congruent delusions, hallucinations and thoughts of harming the baby or self
Risk factors include first pregnancy, FMHx, bipolar, psychotic, recent drug med change.
T(x) hospitalization and initiation of atypical antipsychotic

71
Q

Grief

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Hallucinations of deceased person is common.
Resolves 6-12 months

72
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A

Treat refractory depression, depression with psychotic symptoms, catatonia and acute suicidality
Induce tonic-clonic seizures under anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade.
Adverse: disorientation, HA, partial anterograde/retrograde amnesia (resolve in 6 months)

73
Q

Risk factors for Suicide completion

A 
Sex (male
Age (adult/elderly)
Depression
Previous attempt
Ethanol
Rational thinking loss
Sickness
Organized plan
No spouse/support
Stated future intent
74
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

inappropriate experiences of fear/worry and their physical manifestations incongruent with the magnitude of the stressors
Symptoms are not attributable to another psychiatric disorder, medical condition or substance abuse.

75
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Recurrent panic attacks involving intense fear and discomfort
Peach in 10 minutes with >4 (palpitations, paresthesias, depersonalization or derealization, ab pain, nausea, intense fear of dying/losing control, lightheadedness, chest pain, chills, choking, sweating, shaking, SOB
increased risk of suicide

76
Q

Panic Disorder D(x)

A 
Attack followed by >1 month of >1 
persistent concern of additional attacks
Worrying about consequences of attack
Behavioral change related to attacks
T(x): CBT SSRIs venlafaxine
Benzo in acute setting
77
Q

Phobias

A

Severe, persistent (> 6 months) fear or anxiety due to presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation.
T(x) CBT with exposure therapy)

78
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Exaggerated fear of embarrassment in social situations

T(x): CBT SSRIs venlafaxine

79
Q

Agoraphobia

A

irrational fear while facing or anticipating >2 specific situations
Associated with panic disorder
T(x): CBT SSRIs

80
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Excessive anxiety and worry about different aspects of daily life for most days of >6 months
>3 symptoms- restlessness, irritability, sleep disturbance, fatigue, muscle tension, difficulty concentrating
T(x): CBT, SSRIs, SNRIs

81
Q

OCD

A

obsession that cause severe distress, relieved in part by compulsions
Ego-dystonic behavior inconsistent with one’s beliefs and attitudes
Associated with Tourette syndrome
T(x) CBT SSRI chlomipramine vanlafaxine

82
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

preoccupation with mirror or imagined defects in appearances
Causes significant emotional distress and repetitive appearance related behaviors
Common in eating disorders
T(x): CBT

83
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Compulsively pulling out one’s hair
Causes significant distress and persists despite attempts to stop
Presents with areas of thinning hair or balness
T(x) psychotherapy

84
Q

Adjustment Disorder

A

emotional or behavioral symtpoms that occur within 3 months of an psychosocial stressor lasting <6 months once the stressor has ended
T(x) CBT

85
Q

PTSD

A

experiencing or discovering that a loved one has experiences, a life threatening situation
Hyperarousal, avoidance, re-experiencing, distress
>1 month
T(x) CBT, SSRIs venlafaxine

86
Q

Acute stress Disorder

A

lasts between 3 days and 1 month

T(x) CBT

87
Q

Cluster A

A

odd/eccentric
inability to develop meaningful social relationships
No psychosis
genetic association with schizophrenia

88
Q

Paranoid

A

Cluster A

pervasive distrust, suspiciousness, hypervigilance, cynical view of world

89
Q

Schizoid

A

Cluster A

voluntary social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, content with social isolation

90
Q

Cluster B

A

Dramatic, emotional, erratic

genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse

91
Q

Antisocial

A

Cluster B
disregard for the rights of others with lack of remorse.
Criminality, impulsivity, hostility, manipulation
Males
>18 years with onset before 15

92
Q

Borderline

A

Cluster B
Unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, fear of abandonment, impulsivity, self mutilation, suicidality, emotional emptiness
Females
Splitting

93
Q

Histronic

A

Cluster B

Attention seeking, dramatic speech, and emotional expression, shallow, labile emotions, sexually provocative

94
Q

Narcissistic

A

Cluster B
Grandiose, sense of entitlement, lacks empathy, and requires excessive admiration
Fragile self esteem
Con artists

95
Q

Cluster C

A

anxious or fearful

genetic association with anxiety disorders

96
Q

Avoidant

A

Cluster C
Hypersensitive to rejection and criticism, socially inhibited, timid, feelings of inadequacy, desires relationship with others

97
Q

Obsessive Compulsive

A

Cluster C

preoccupation with order, perfectionism and control.

98
Q

Dependent

A

Cluster C
Excessive need for support, low self confidence,
Abusive relationships

99
Q

Malingering

A

symptoms are intentional, motivation is intentional
Patient consciously fakes a disorder in order to attain a secondary gain.
Poor compliance with treatment or follow up of diagnostic tests
complaints cease after gain

100
Q

Factitious Disorder

A

Symptoms are intentional, motivation is unconscious. Patient consciously creates physical and or psychological symptoms in order to assume sick role and to get medical attention and sympathy

101
Q

Factitious Disorder imposed on self

A

Chronic factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs and symptoms
Hx of multiple hospital admissions and willingness to undergo invasive procedures
Women and healthcare workers

102
Q

Factitious Disorder imposed on another

A

Illness in a child or elderly patient is caused or fabricated by the caregiver. Motivation is to assume a sick role by proxy
Child/elder abuse

103
Q

Somatic Symptom and related disorders

A

Symptoms are unconscious, motivation is unconscious

Physical symptoms causing significant distress and impairment

104
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

> 1 bodily complaints lasting months to years
Excessive persistent thoughts and anxiety about symptoms
T(x):regular office visits with the same physician + psychotherapy

105
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

Loss of sensory or motor function following stressor
Patient may be aware but indifferent toward symptoms
Female adolescents and young adults

106
Q

Illness anxiety Disorder

A

preoccupation with acquiring or having a serious illness despite medical evaluation

107
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Intense fear of weight gain, overevaluation of thinness and body image. Calorie restriction and severe weight loss resulting in low body weight
t(x) psychotherapy, nutritional rehab, SSRIs

108
Q

Anorexia Nervosa Binge-eating/purging type

A

recurring purging behavior or binge eating over the last 3 months

109
Q

Anorexia Nervosa Restricting Type

A

diet, fast, over exercise

no recurring purging behaviors or binge eating over the last 3 months

110
Q

Anorexia Nervosa Refeeding Syndrome

A

occurs in significantly malnourished patients with sudden increase in calorie intake –> increase insulin –> decrease phosphate, K+ Mg + –> cardiac complications, rhabdomyolysis, seizures

111
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Recurring episodes of binge eating with compensatory purging at least weekly over the last 3 months. BMI normal or slightly overweight
Associated with parotid gland hypertrophy, enamel erosion, Mallory Weiss syndrome, electrolyte disturbance, met alk dorsal hand calluses
T(x): psychotherapy, nutritional rehab, SSRI. NO BUPROPRION (seizures)

112
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A

Recurring episodes of binge eating without purging at least weekly for 3 months
Increase risk diabetes
T(x): psychotherapy, SSRI, lisdexmfetamine

113
Q

Pica

A

recurring episodes of eating non food substances over >1 month that are not culturally or developmentally recognized as normal.
Temporary emotional relief
Associated with malnutrition, Fe deficiency anemia, developmental disabilities, emotional trauma
T(x): psychotherapy, nutritional rehab, SSRIs

114
Q

Gender dysphoria

A

incongruence between one’s experienced gender and the gender assigned at birth >6 months –> persistent distress

115
Q

Transgender

A

desiring and often making lifestyle changes to live as a different gender. Medical interventions may be utilized

116
Q

Transvestism

A

deriving pleasure from wearing clothes of opposite sex

117
Q

Transvestic Disorder

A

transvestism that causes significant distress. Paraphilia

118
Q

Sexual Dysfunction

A 
Psychological
Endocrine
Neurogenic
Insufficient blood flow
Substances
119
Q

Sleep Terror Disorder

A

period of inconsolable terror with screaming in the middle of the night
Children
During N3 with no memory of arousal episode
Trigger: emotional stress, fever, lack of sleep
self limited

120
Q

Enuresis

A

Nighttime urinary incontinence >2 times/wk for >3 months in person >5 years old
T(x): behavioral modifications and positive reinforcement

121
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Excessive day time sleepiness with recurrent episodes of rapid onset overwhelming sleepiness >3 times/wk for 3 months
Decreased Orexin production in lateral hypothalamus
Associated with hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations, nocturnal and narcoleptic sleep episodes that start with REM, cataplexy
T(x): good sleep hygiene, daytime stimulants, GHB

122
Q

Precontemplation

A

1

deny problem

123
Q

Contemplation

A

2

acknowledge problem but unwilling to change

124
Q

Preparation

A

3

preparing for behavioral changes

125
Q

Action

A

4

change behavior

126
Q

Maintenance

A

5

Maintain changes

127
Q

Relapse

A

6

Return to old behaviors and abandon change

128
Q

5HT syndrome

A

caused by any drug that increase 5HT
Increase activity, autonomic instability, AMS
T(x): cyproheptadine

129
Q

Hypertensive Crisis

A

via antipsychotics
Myoglobinuria, fever, encephalopathy, vitals unstable, increase CK, muscle rigidity
T(x): dantrolene, DA agonist

130
Q

Delirium Tremens

A

via alcohol withdrawal (2-4 days after last drink)
AMS, hallucinations, autonomic hyperactivity, anxiety, seizures, tremors, psychomotor agitation, insomnia, nausea
T(x): benzo

131
Q

Acute dystonia

A

via typical antipsychotic, anticonvulsants
sudden onset of muscle spasms, stiffness, oculogyric crisis
T(x): benzotropine

132
Q

Li toxicity

A

via increase lithium dosage, decrease renal elimination, meds affecting clearance
Nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, hyperreflexia, seizures, ataxia, DI
T(x) DC Li, hydrate with isotonic NaCl

133
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressant Toxicity

A

via TCA overdose
Respiratory depressrion, hyperpyrexia, prolonged QT
T(x): supportive, NaHCO3, charcoal

134
Q

Alcohol intoxication/withdrawal

A

Intoxication- emotional liability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, blackouts
T(x): benzo
Withdrawal: seizures, tremors, insomnia, diaphoresis, delirium tremens

135
Q

Barbiturates intoxication/withdrawal

A

Intoxication:Low safety margin, marked respiratory depression
T(x): symptoms
wIthdrawal: delirium, life threatening CV collapse

136
Q

Benzo intoxication/withdrawal

A

Intoxication: ataxia, minor respiratory depression
T(x): flumazenil
Withdrawal: sleep disturbance, depression

137
Q

Opioid intoxication/withdrawal

A

Intoxication: euphoria, respiratory and CNS depression, decrease gag reflex, pupillary constriction, seizures
T(x): naloxone
Withdrawal: sweat, dilated pupils, piloerection, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea
T(x): symptoms, methadone, buprenorphine

138
Q

inhalant intoxication/withdrawal

A

intoxication: disinhibition, euphoria, slurred speech, disturbed gait, disorientation
Withdrawal: irritability, dysphoria, sleep disturbance, HA

139
Q

Amphetamine intoxication/withdrawal

A

intoxication: euphoria, grandiose, pupillary dilation, prolonged wakefulness, hyperalert, HTN, paranoia, fever, fractured teeth.
T(x): benzo

140
Q

Caffeine intoxication/withdrawal

A

intox: palpitations, agitation, tremor, insomnia
Withdrawal: HA, difficulty concentrating, flu like

141
Q

Cocaine intoxication/withdrawal

A

intoxication: impaired judgement, pupillary dilation, hallucinations, paranoia, angina, sudden cardiac death
T(x) benzos

142
Q

Nicotine intoxication/withdrawal

A

Intoxication: restlessness
Withdrawal: irritability, anxiety, restlessness, decreased concentration, increase appetite
T(x): nicotine patch, gum, lozange

143
Q

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide intoxication/withdrawal

A

intox: perceptual distortion, depersonalization, anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, flashbacks

144
Q

Marijuana intoxication/withdrawal

A

intoxication: euphoria, anxiety, paranoid delusions, perception of slowed time, impaired judgement, social withdrawal, increased appetite, dry mouth, hallucinations
Withdrawal: irritability, anxiety, depression, insomnia, restlessness, decreased appetite

145
Q

MDMA intoxication/withdrawal

A

Intoxication: hallucinations, euphoria, disinhibition, hyperactivity, increased thirst, bruxism, distorted sensory and time perception
Withdrawal: depression, fatigue, change in appetite, difficulty concentrating, anxiety

146
Q

Phencyclidine intoxication/withdrawal

A

intoxication: violence, impulsivity, pychomotor agitation, nystagmus, tachy, HTN, analgesia, psychosis, delirium, seizures

147
Q

Alcohol abuse T(x)

A

naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram, AA

148
Q

Behavioral Therapy

A

Teach patient how to identify and change maladaptive behavior.

149
Q

Cognitive Behavioral therapy

A

Teaches patient to recognize distortions in their thought processes, develop coping skills and decrease maladaptive behavior –> greater emotional control and tolerance of distress

150
Q

Dialectical behavioral therapy

A

For Borderline personality disorder

151
Q

Interpersonal therapy

A

improve interpersonal relationships and communication skills

152
Q

Supportive therapy

A

utilize empathy to help individuals during times of hardship to maintain optimism

153
Q

CNS stimulants

A

methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine
increase catecholamines in the synaptic cleft (NE and DA)
use for ADHD, narcolepsy, binge eating
adverse: nervousness, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, tachy, HTN, weight loss, tics, bruxism

154
Q

Typical antipsychotics

A

Haloperidol, pimizide, -azine
Block D2
Use for schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, delirium, tourette, huntington, OCD
Adverse: stored in fat, hyperlacteinemia, dyslipidemia, dry mouth, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, QT prolongation

155
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

A
  • apine, -peridone, -idone
    5HT2 and D2 antagonists
    used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette
    Adverse: prolonged QT
156
Q

Lithium

A

mood stabilizer for bipolar, acute manic episodes and prevents relapse
Adverse: tremors, thyroid issues, polyuria, teratogenesis

157
Q

Buspirone

A

stimulate 5HT1A receptor

used for generalized anxiety disorder

158
Q

SSRI

A

Fluoxetine, flucoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, citalopram
inhibit 5HT reuptake
used for depression, D=GAD, panic disorder, OCD, binge eating, social anxiety, PTSD
Adverse: 5HT syndrome, GI distress, SIADH, sexual dysfunction

159
Q

SNRI

A

venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran
inhibit 5HT and NE reuptake
used for depression, GAD, diabetic neuropathy
Adverse: increased BP, stimulant effects, sedation, nausea

160
Q

TCA

A

Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, doxepin, amoxapine
inhibit 5HT and NE reuptake
used for MDD, peripheral neuropathy, chronic neuropathic pain, migraine, OCD, nocturnal enuresis
Adverse: convulsions, coma, cardiotox
T(x): NaHCO3

161
Q

MAOi

A

Selegiline, Tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid
Increase NE, 5HT, DA
use for atypical depression, anxiety, parkinson disease
Adverse: hypertensive crisis
contra with SSRIs, TCAs (2 wk washout)

162
Q

Buproprion

A

Atypical antidepressant
inhibit NE and DA reuptake
used for smoking cessation
tox: stimulant, HA, seizures

163
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical antidepressant
a2 antagonist, 5HT receptor antagonist, H1 antagonist
tox: sedation, increased appetite, weight gain, dry mouth

164
Q

Trazadone

A

Atypical antidepressant
block 5HT2, a1 and H1
used for insomnia
tox: sedation, nausea, priapism, postural hypotension

165
Q

Varenicline

A

Atypical antidepressant
nAChR partial agonist
smoking cessation
tox: sleep disturbance, depressed mood, suicide

166
Q

Vilazodone

A

Atypical antidepressant
inhibit 5HT reuptake, 5HT partial agonist
MDD
tox: HA, diarrhea, nausea, anticholinergic, 5HT syndrome

167
Q

Vortioxetine

A

inhibit 5HT reuptake, 5HT receptor agonist/antagonist
MDD
tox: nausea, sexual dysfunction, sleep distrubances, anticholinergic, 5HT syndrome

168
Q

Methadone

A

Opioid detox and relapse prevention
long acting oral
for heroin detox or maintenance

169
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Opioid detox and relapse prevention

sublingual to prevent relapse

170
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid detox and relapse prevention
short acting opioid antagonist via IM, IV or nasal
treat overdose

171
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid detox and relapse prevention

long lasting oral opioid antagonist after detox to prevent relapse

Step 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions