Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4th Year > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Which allele of Apolipoprotein confers risk of Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

ApoE4

Apo E2 is protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Duration of symptoms required for Alzheimer’s disease

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

5 A’s of dementia

A 
Amnesia
Aphasia
Agnosia
Apraxia
Associated symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

BPSD

A 
Psychosis
Emotionally labile
Depression/ anxiety
Withdrawal/ apathy
Disinhibition
Sleep cycle disturbances
Altered eating habits
Incontinence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Confusion screen

A

Bloods:

  • FBC
  • U+E
  • LFT
  • TFT
  • Calcium
  • B12
  • Folate
  • Glucose

CXR
Cultures
Urinalysis and drug screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Side effects of AChEis

A

Mild  D+V, nausea, headache, fatigue, weird dreams, aggression
Moderate  Abdominal pain, loss of appetite, jaundice, dizziness, weight loss, weakness

Parasympathetic effects  Bradycardia, Hypotension, Bronchoconstriction, Increased IOP

SLUDGE Syndrome  Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defaecation, GI problems, Emesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Contra-indications of AChEis

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease
Conduction problems e.g. Sick Sinus Syndrome
Asthma and COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnosis of dementia with Lewy Body (DLB)

A

Presence of dementia-like symptoms, plus 2/3 of:

Fluctuating attention and concentration
  • Recurrent, well-formed visual hallucinations
  • Spontaneous Parkinsonism (Bradykinesia, Rest/ Intention tremor, Rigidity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Subtypes of Frontotemporal Dementia

A

Behavioural Variant
Progressive Non-Fluent
Semantic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physical features of Hypoactive delirium

A

More common but also more difficult to detect; Lethargy, reduced mobility and movement, reduced appetite, quiet and withdrawn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physical features of hyperactive delirium

A

Agitation, restlessness, sleep disturbance, hypervigilance, restlessness, wandering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

First rank symptoms (FRS) in Schizophrenia

A

Thought Disorder (echo, insertion, withdrawal, broadcasting)
Delusional Perceptions
Third Person Auditory Hallucinations
Delusions of Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Additional symptoms in Schizophrenia

A

Persistent hallucinations in any modality
Breaks in thought
Catatonia (strange, purposeless behaviour)
Negative symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A

The most common. Dominated by paranoid hallucinations and delusions, with catatonic behaviour and negative symptoms less common.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hebephrenic schizophrenia

A

Affective changes such as inappropriate mood, disorganised thought and speech. Delusions and hallucinations are rarer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Catatonic schizophrenia

A

Prominent psychomotor symptoms which may alternate between extremes e.g. hyperkinesis/ stupor, and negativism.

  • Constrained attitudes and positives
  • Violent excitement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Simple schizophrenia

A

Conduct and negative symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Undifferentiated schizophrenia

A

Meets diagnostic criteria but not bound to one disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of Parkinson’s symptoms with Antipsychotics

A

1st Line: Procyclidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia with antipsychotics

A

1st Line: Procyclidine

2nd Line: IV Benzotropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment of Akathasia with antipsychotics

A

Procyclidine
Propanolol
Benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia with antipsychotics

A

Tetrabenazine

its irreversible and can’t be reversed if medications stopped- unless treated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Dantrolene or Bromocriptine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Othello Syndrome

A

Morbid jealousy where one believes that the partner is in an affair with someone else, with no evidence or based on minor evidence.

  • Associated with alcohol dependence and sexual dysfunction
  • Risk of stalking/ violence to partner
25
Q

De Clerambault’s Syndrome

A

AKA Erotomania; the belief that a famous person is in love with them
- Communicates via secret signs as can’t declare love

26
Q

Capgras Syndrome

A

Delusional misidentification- a spouse/ close friend/ relative is replaced by an identical looking imposter.
- Slightly more common in women

27
Q

Fregoli’s Syndrome

A

Patient is being persecuted by a single person

Disguised and changes appearance to look like different people

28
Q

Cotard’s Syndrome

A

Nilhilistic Delusions  Being dead/ non-existent; or missing body parts
- Associated with depression

29
Q

Ekbom’s Syndrome

A

Delusional parasitosis, involving the belief that they are infested with parasites with no physical evidence (formication; can be induced by cocaine). Risk of self-harm trying to get rid of them.

30
Q

Folie a deux

A

Induced delusional disorder shared between two people.

31
Q

When may medications be considered in mild depression

A
  • If depression complicates chronic disease/ physical health
  • Past history of moderate-severe depression
  • Persists after other interventions
  • Subthreshold symptoms present for 2+ years
32
Q

Pharmacological treatment escalation in depression

A
  • 1st Line: SSRI
  • 2nd Line: SSRI
  • 3rd Line: SNRI or NaSSA
  • 4th Line: MAOI or TCA
  • Adjunct Lithium (if recurrent depression)
33
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Autonomic Hyperactivity
Altered Mental state
Neuromuscular excitation

34
Q

Treatment of the serotonin syndrome

A

Stop the drug
Fluids
Benzodiazepines
Serotonin antagonists (Cyproheptadine, Chlorpromazine)

35
Q

Which antidepressants should be taken at night-time due to their sedatory effects?

A

NaSSAs e.g. Mirtazapine

36
Q

Important patients to use SNRIs with caution in?

A

Cardiovascular disease

37
Q

Sedatory effects of Tricyclic antidepressants

A

More Sedating: Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Trazodone

Less Sedating: Nortriptyline, Imipramine, Clomipramine

38
Q

Important SEs of TCAs

A 
Sedation
Hypotension
Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention ± overflow incontinence
Breast changes
Mania
Convulsiona
39
Q

Important interactions with TCAs

A

MAOIs

40
Q

Important SE of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors e.g. phenelzine, moclobemide

A

Hypertensive crisis due to reduced breakdown of Tyramine (contained in foods such as cheese, red wine)

41
Q

Which drug is associated with Ebstein’s anomaly of the heart? (tricuspid/ RV abnormalities)

A

Lithium

42
Q

Side effects of Sodium Valproate

A

GI Upset
Hair loss with regrowth of curly hair
Thrombocytopaenia
Ataxia/ Tremor

43
Q

Important interactions with Sodium valproate

A

Its a CYP450 inhibitor

44
Q

Charles Bonnet Syndrome

A

Visual hallucinations associated with eye disease

45
Q

Metabolic changes in Anorexia (decreases)

A 
Anaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Low TSH (Hypothyroidism)
Low Oestrogen
Hypokalaemia
Hypophosphataemia
Reduced renal function
46
Q

Metabolic changes in Anorexia (increases)

A 
Bicarbonate
Amylase
Growth Hormone
Cortisol
Cholesterol
Carotinaemia
CCK
47
Q

1st line anorexia treatments in adults

A

CBT-ED
MANTRA
SSCM

48
Q

1st line anorexia treatment in children

A

Family Therapy

49
Q

Re-feeding Syndrome

A

Caused by Hypophosphataemia during treatment

  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Cardiorespiratory failure
  • Hypotension
  • Arrhythmias
  • Seizures

Increase feeding slowly and supplement Thiamine and Vitamin B1

50
Q

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Features

A

Confusion
Ataxia (wide-based gait)
Ophthalmoplegia (ocular palsies, nystagmus, rectus palsies)

51
Q

Disulfiram

A

Antabuse- produces an undesirable effect when alcohol is drank

52
Q

Acamprosate/ Naltrexone

A

Start after withdrawal and continue for 6 months. Reduces cravings by enhancing GABA transmission

53
Q

Features of Opioid dependence

A

3 of the following present in the last 12 months

  • Tolerance
  • Withdrawal
  • Use increasing/ prolonged duration
  • Unsuccessful attempts to reduce usage
  • Large amount of time spent using/ recovering
  • Takes priority over other life aspects
  • Persistent use despite harm
54
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
Apathy
Reduced motivation (volition)
Anhedonia
Alogia (poverty of speech)
Asociality
Blunt affect

Is often a late feature

55
Q

Catatonia

A 
Strange purposeless behaviour
Sudden excitement
Posturing
Flexibility
Negativism
Mutism
Echopraxia
56
Q

Drug treatment escalation in GAD

A 
SSRI
SSRI/SNRI
Pregabalin
Benzodiazepines (not in primary care)
Beta blockers can be added for palpitations/ tremor
57
Q

Degrees of learning disability

A

Mild 70
Moderate 50
Severe 35
Profound 20

20-15-15-20

58
Q

Guiding principles of the MHA

A
  1. Least restrictive options should be used, and maximising independence
  2. As much as possible, empower service users and involve them
  3. Respect and Dignity
  4. Use must have a reason/ purpose and be done effectively
  5. Efficiency and equity

4th Year (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions