Psychiatry Flashcards
Third person auditory hallucinations
Schizophrenia
Mesocortical dopamine hypoactivity
Negative/cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
Subcortical dopamine hyperactivity
Psychosis
What is the function of the tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathway
Prolactin release
What is the function of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway
Extrapyramidal motor function
What is the function of the mesocortical and subcortical dopamine pathways - what are these known as when combined?
Motivation and reward / mesolimbic system
Which dopamine pathway(s) are dysregulated in schizophrenia?
Subcortical and mesocortical (mesolimbic)
Mesolimbic dopamine blockade leads to what
Depression
Mesolimbic dopamine agonism leads to what
Psychosis
Anti-psychotic causing weight gain
Olanzapine
Main side effects of clozapine
Agranulocytosis and weight gain
What needs to be done before prescribing clozapine
Have tried two other anti-psychotics
Who can prescribe clozapine
Only consultant psychiatrist
Describe the monitoring of clozapine
Every week for 6 months, every 2 weeks for the next 6 months and then monthly thereafter (also one month after discontinuation)
What are the brain changes seen in schizophrenia
Reduced frontal lobe volume, enlarged lateral ventricles, reduced grey matter in the temporal cortex
Pressure of thought (2)
Mostly mania, can be seen in psychosis
Thought blocking
Schizophrenia
Flight of ideas
Mania
How to treat EPSEs
Procyclidine
Brain structure involved in the normal response to threat
Amygdala
What is Beck’s triad
Negative feelings about the self, world and future
What happens after taking NMDA antagonists
Psychotic symptoma
Drug used for alcohol withdrawal
Chlordiazepoxide
Seizures as a result of alcohol withdrawal occur within how long
48 hours
Delirium tremens occurs within how long of alcohol withdrawal
48-72 hours
Eosinophilic inclusions
Lewy bodies
