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Medicine > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Define depression:

A

Mood (affective) disorder characterised by low mood, low energy and loss of enjoyment

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2
Q

Causes/risk factors of depression:

A

Genetics, other mental health history
Hypothyroidism, chronic illness
Negative thoughts, low self-esteem, previous trauma
Life events - birth, job loss, divorce, illness, grief, stress

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3
Q

What are the core symptoms of depression?

A

Low mood
Low energy (anergia)
Loss of enjoyment (anhedonia)

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4
Q

What is the DSM-IV Criteria for depression?

A

DEADSWAMP

Depressed mood most of day
Energy low
Anhedonia
Death thoughts (suicidal)
Sleep disturbances –> insomnia, hypersomnia
Worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness
Appetite/weight change
Mentation decreased –> lack of concentration
Psychomotor agitation/retardation

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5
Q

What is the most common endocrine disorder caused by chronic lithium toxicity?

A

Hypothyroidism

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6
Q

What is Cotard syndrome?

A

Rare mental disorder where the affected patient that they (or part of their body) is dead or non-existent

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7
Q

What are the cluster A personality disorders?

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

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8
Q

What are the cluster B personality disorders?

A

Antisocial
Emotionally unstable (borderline)
Histrionic
Narcissistic

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9
Q

What are the cluster C personality disorders?

A

Obsessive-compulsive
Avoidant
Dependent

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10
Q

Description of cluster A personality disorders:

A

‘Odd or eccentric’

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11
Q

Description of cluster B personality disorders:

A

‘Dramatic, emotional or erratic’

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12
Q

Description of cluster C personality disorders:

A

‘Anxious and fearful’

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13
Q

What symptoms are common in first 6-12 hours of alcohol withdrawal?

A

Tremor
Sweating
Tachycardia
Anxiety

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14
Q

When is the peak incidence of seizures in alcohol withdrawal?

A

36 hours

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15
Q

When is the peak incidence of delirium tremens in alcohol withdrawal?

A

48-72 hours

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of delirium tremens?

A

Coarse tremor
Confusion
Delusions
Auditory and visual hallucinations
Fever
Tachycardia

17
Q

How do you manage an oculogyric crisis from antipsychotics?

A

Procyclidine

18
Q

How long should SRRIs be continued for for depression when patient is feeling better?

A

6 months

Reduces risk of relapse

19
Q

What is akathisia?

A

A sense of inner restlessness and inability to keep still

20
Q

What is the SSRI of choice in children and adolescents?

A

Fluoxetine

21
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A

The inability to answer a question without giving excessive, unnecessary detail

22
Q

What is tangentiality?

A

Wandering from a topic without returning to it

23
Q

What is a neologism?

A

A new word formation, which might include the combining of two words

24
Q

What are clang associations?

A

When ideas are related to each other only by the fact they sound similar or rhyme

25
Q

What is word salad?

A

Completely incoherent speech where real words are strung together into nonsense sentences

26
Q

What is knight’s move?

A

A severe type of loosening of associations, where there are unexpected and illogical leaps from one idea to another

27
Q

What is flight of ideas?

A

A thought disorder where there are leaps from one topic to another but with discernible links between them

28
Q

What is perseveration?

A

The repetition of ideas or words despite an attempt to change the topic

29
Q

What is echolalia?

A

The repetition of someone else’s speech, including the question that was asked

30
Q

How long after an event can PTSD be diagnoses?

31
Q

What is somatisation disorder?

A
  • no organic cause can be found
  • multiple physical symptoms present for at least 2 years
  • patient refuses to accept reassurance or negative test result
32
Q

What is illness anxiety disorder/hypochondriasis?

A
  • persistent belief in the presence of an underlying serious disease
  • patient refuses to accept reassurance or negative test results
33
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

Typically involves loss or motor or sensory function with no underlying neurological cause

34
Q

What is dissociative disorder?

A
  • patient ‘separates off’ certain memories form normal consciousness
  • involves psychiatric symptoms eg. amnesia, fugue, stupor
35
Q

What is factitious disorder?

A
  • Also known as Munchausen’s syndrome
  • Intentional production of physical or psychological symptoms
36
Q

What is malingering?

A

Fraudulent simulation or exaggeration of symptoms with the intention of financial or other gain

37
Q

1st and 2nd line pharmacological treatments for ADHD:

A
  1. Methlyphenidate
  2. Lisdexamfetamine
38
Q

What is the pharmacological management of PTSD?

A

Venlafaxine
SSRI
Risperidone - in severe cases

Medicine (14 decks)

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