Psychiatry Flashcards
What are the signs of an opioid withdrawal?
Dilated pupils, yawning, watery eyes, rhinorrhoea
In schizophrenia what will a PET scan show?
Hypo-activity of prefrontal lobes and enlarged cerebral ventricles
What is a mini mental state exam mainly used to diagnose
dementia
What is a fatal side effect of clozapine?
agranulocytosis (do FBC)
When on lithium what needs to be checked regularly?
creatinine levels - for toxicity
What is the difference between GAD and panic disorder?
GAD - nervous at daily things
PD - irrational fears
How long do symptoms need to present for it to class at PTSD?
> 1 month
What are side effects of tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline)
Dry mouth and urinary retention
What are 3 common features of Korsakoff’s syndrome?
anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia and confabulations (false memories)
What is a side effect of risperadone?
hyperprolactinaemia
What is zopiclone?
A nonbenzodiazepine drug to treat insomnia (people who can’t get to sleep).
What is melatonin used for?
Helps to regulate the normal sleep-wake cycle and is effective in patients with learning difficulties.
What kind of drug is metaclopramide?
antiemetic
What kind of drug is fluoxetine?
SSRI
How long must symptoms last for mania?
at least 7 days
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Irregular movements you cannot control.
What are class A personality disorders?
odd and eccentric
What are class B personality disorders?
dramatic and emotional
What are class C personality types?
anxious and avoidant
What is repression?
An unconscious mechanism to keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious.
What is displacement?
Satisfying an impulse with a substitute option.
What is regression?
Back in psychological time when one is faced with stress? (e.g. child starts sucking their thumb / wets the bed)
What is sublimation?
Satisfying an impulse with a substitute in a socially acceptable way.
What can be used to treat heroin withdrawl?
loperamide, lofexidine (relieves physical symptoms)
What is the triad for lewy-body dementia?
visual hallucinations, fluctuating cognition and parkinsonism
What organ does lithium mainly affect?
kidneys
What group of people is bipolar got a high heritability?
twins
What is the chemical name for serotonin?
5-hydroxytryptamine
What is CJD?
A rapidly progressive neurological condition caused by a misfolded protein, known as a prion.
When does postpartum psychosis usually occur?
2 weeks after giving birth
When should clozapine be used?
For resistant schizophrenia
What condition presents with tactile hallucinations?
delirium tremens
Which neurotransmitter is low is patients with depression?
5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
What are the 8 components of the MSE?
- appearance
- behaviour
- speech - rate, tone, volume, rhythm, fluency
- mood and affect
- thought - speed, flow, and coherence of the patient’s thoughts
- perception - see, hear, taste things that aren’t there
- cognition
- insight
Who are tardive dyskinesia common in?
People on long term antidopaminergic drugs.
What are the first choice non-pharmalogical treatments for OCD?
ERP and CBT
What conditions indicate ECT?
prolonged mania, catatonia, severe depression
Which medications cause tardive kynesia?
haloperidol
What neurotransmitter is responsible for lack of pleasure?
dopamine
What is a common side effect to notify patients about when starting an SSRI?
sexual dysfunction
What investigation should be done in a patient with anorexia?
ECG - to exclude long QT syndrome
What is a nihilistic delusion?
Being dead / some part of their body is dying.
What organ secretes lithium and therefore toxicity can be shown in ____ levels?
kidneys - creatinine
What drug increases the reabsorption of lithium?
ACEIs
