Anatomy

Question 1

What does the abbreviation SCALP stand for?

Answer 1

skull, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pia mater

Question 2

What is the innermost layer of the scalp?

Answer 2

pericranium

Question 3

Which lobe is wernicke’s area?

Answer 3

temporal

Question 4

Which lobe is Broca’s area?

Answer 4

frontal

Question 5

What is the cingulate?

Answer 5

It is a gyrus above the corpus callosum which regulates emotion and pain.

Question 6

Which structure connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles in the brain?

Answer 6

cerebral aqueduct

Question 7

What is the round ligament an embryological remnant of?

Answer 7

the gubernaculum

Question 8

Which ligament helps the uterus stay in place?

Answer 8

broad

Question 9

What is the important area to be sampled in cervical screening?

Answer 9

the transformation zone

Question 10

Which gland helps lubricate the areola?

Answer 10

montgomery glands

Question 11

What is the order in which structures the needle goes through for an epidural?

Answer 11

skin, subcutaneous fat, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum

Question 12

Where is spinal anaesthetic injected into?

Answer 12

subarachnoid space

Question 13

Where does lymph from the testes drain?

Answer 13

para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 14

What does the iliopsoas muscle do?

Answer 14

active hip flexion

Question 15

What muscles are not working in a wrist drop (radial)?

Answer 15

extensor muscles

Question 16

What 2 muscles do the breast tissue lie on?

Answer 16

pec major and serratus anterior

Question 17

What is a common side effect of spinal anaesthesia?

Answer 17

hypotension

Question 18

What level are epidurals / spinal anaesthesia administered?

Answer 18

L3-L4

Question 19

What is the order from superficial to deep of the ligaments passed through for an epidural / spinal anaesthesia?

Answer 19

1. supraspinous ligament
2. interspinous ligament
3. ligamentum flavum

Question 20

What is the landmark for a pudendal nerve block?

Answer 20

ischial spine

Question 21

What level does the subarachnoid space end?

Answer 21

S2

Question 22

When does the spinal cord become the cauda equina?

Answer 22

L2

Question 22

What are Cowper’s (M) and Bartholin’s (F) glands and what do they do?

Answer 22

Cowper’s - bulbourethral gland which neutralises the acidic urine

Bartholin’s - greater vestibular gland which provides vulvar lubrication by secreting mucus.

Question 23

Which parts of the spine are the lateral horns present?

Answer 23

Present only in the thoracic and upper lumbar segment of the spinal cord. (sympathetic system T1-L2).

Question 24

Once synapsed at the thalamus what side of the body is affected?

Answer 24

ipsilateral

Question 25

What level does the common carotid bifurcate?

Answer 25

C4

Question 26

Which vein do the sinuses drain into from the brain?

Answer 26

internal jugular vein

Question 27

Decerebrate vs decorticate

Answer 27

Decerebrate - lesion below the red nucleus, extension of the whole body, back arched Decorticate - lesion above the red nucleus, hands clenched, flexion of the arms, feet pointed inwards

Question 28

What controls the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 28

superior temporal gyrus

Question 29

What structure lets blood through for an erection?

Answer 29

corpus cavernosum

Question 30

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

Answer 30

- Ductus deferens (vas deferens) - testicular artery - artery of the ductus deferens - cremasteric artery - pampiniform plexus - tunica vaginalis - lymphatic vessels

Question 31

What is the order from lateral to medial of the inguinal canal?

Answer 31

nerve, artery, vein, lymphatic

Question 32

In the brachial plexus what nerves make the lateral, posterior and medial cord?

Answer 32

lateral - musculocutaneous posterior - axillary, radial medial - ulnar (median nerve is all)

Question 33

What is the common landmark for a bone marrow biopsy?

Answer 33

posterior iliac crest

Question 34

What structure goes under the uterine artery?

Answer 34

ureter