Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YR3 Pharmacology > Psychiatric Drugs: Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, & Antipsychotics > Flashcards

Psychiatric Drugs: Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, & Antipsychotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are Antipsychotics

A

First-generation antipsychotics (also called typical antipsychotics): block D2 receptor → ↑ cAMP
- High-potency antipsychotics have a strong antipsychotic effect even at relatively low doses, but they also more commonly cause neurologic side effects (e.g., extrapyramidal symptoms) than low-potency antipsychotics.
- Low-potency antipsychotics more commonly cause anticholinergic, antihistamine, and sympathetic α1-blockade effects.
- Stored in fat tissue (lipid soluble) and, therefore, only slowly eliminated from the body.
Second-generation antipsychotics (also called atypical antipsychotics): most are 5-HT2 and D2 antagonists with varying α and H1 receptor effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the classification of antipsychotic drugs.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main Mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some of the Antipsychotic-induced motor disturbances?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the clinical uses of antipsychotic drugs?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ti

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Indications for Antipsychotics - Acute?

A
  • All antipsychotics, except for clozapine (used for treatment-resistant schizophrenia), have similar clinical effectiveness.
  • SGAs are preferred in many cases because they carry a lower risk of EPS; however, in some patients (e.g., those with significant metabolic risk factors), FGAs may be more suitable.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
- Definition?
- Etiology?
- Pathophysiology?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 6 main groups of drugs used to treat anxiety?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Discuss the role of Benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Benzodiazepines
- Short acting agents?
- Intermediate acting agents?
- Long acting agents?
- Mechanism of Action?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Benzodiazepines
- 6 Effects?

A
  1. Anxiolysis
  2. Sedation
  3. Hypnotic action
  4. Muscle relaxation
  5. Anticonvulsant action
  6. Amnesia
30
Q

Benzodiazepines
- 6 Indications?

A
31
Q

What are the general adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
Why must they be used with caution in the elderly?

A
32
Q

What are the clinical features of a Benzodiazepine overdose?

A
33
Q

How can you diagnose a Benzodiazepine overdose?

A
34
Q

Differential diagnoses of a benzodiazepine overdose?

A
35
Q

What is the treatment for a benzodiazepine overdose? What is the antidote?

A
36
Q

Benzodiazepine dependence
- Definition?
- Withdrawal symptoms?
- Treatment?

A

Treatment:
- Dose tapering
- Seizure prophylaxis (e.g., carbamazepine)

37
Q

What are 6 Contraindications for benzodiazepines?

A
38
Q

What are antidepressants?
What are the 4 most widely used classes of antidepressants?

A
  1. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  2. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
  3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
  4. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).
39
Q

What are the 3 major mechanisms of action of antidepressants?

A
40
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Mechanism of Action?
- 6 Examples?
- Indications? For which disorder is it first line therapy?

A

Mechanism of action: inhibition of serotonin reuptake in synaptic cleft → ↑ serotonin levels
Examples
1. Fluoxetine
2. Paroxetine
3. Sertraline
4. Citalopram
5. Escitalopram
6. Fluvoxamine

41
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- 3 Early Side Effects?
- 4 Late Side Effects?

A
42
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Drug interactions?
- Contraindications?

A

Drug interactions: increased risk of serotonin syndrome if used concomitantly with other serotonergic drugs (e.g., MAOIs, linezolid, St. John’s wort, dextromethorphan, meperidine, methylene blue)
Contraindications: paroxetine in pregnant patients (may cause fetal cardiovascular malformations in the first trimester and fetal pulmonary hypertension in the third trimester)

43
Q

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- Mechanism of Action?
- 5 Examples?
- Indications? For which disorder is it a second-line therapy?

A

Mechanism of Action: inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake in synaptic cleft → ↑ serotonin and norepinephrine levels
Examples
1. Venlafaxine
2. Duloxetine
3. Desvenlafaxine
4. Levomilnacipran
5. Milnacipran

44
Q

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- 6 Side effects?
- Drug interactions?
- Additional information?

A
45
Q

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors
- Mechanism of Action? (3)
- 2 Examples?
- 2 Indications?

A

Mechanism of action
- Block postsynaptic type 2 serotonin receptors (5-HT2)
- Weak inhibition of serotonin reuptake → ↑ serotonin levels
- Antagonist of H1 and α1-adrenergic receptors
Examples
1. Trazodone
2. Nefazodone
Indications
1. Insomnia
2. Major depressive disorder (high doses required)

46
Q

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors
- 4 Side effects?
- Drugs interactions?
- Additional information? (2)

A
47
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Mechanism of Action?
- 4 Examples?
- 3 Indications?

A
48
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Side effects? (5)

A
49
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Drug interactions?
- Additional information? (3)

A
50
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants
- Mechanism of Action?
- 8 Examples?

A

Mechanism of action: inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake in synaptic cleft → ↑ serotonin and norepinephrine levels

51
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants
- 6 Indications?

A
52
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants
- 5 Side effects?

A
53
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants
- Contraindications?
- Drug interactions? (2)
- Additional information? (2)

A
54
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity
- Mechanism? (5)
- Clinical Features? (6)

A
55
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity
- Diagnosis?
- Management?

A
56
Q

List 6 Atypical Antidepressants?

A

Atypical Antidepressants
2. Mirtazapine
2. Bupropion
3. Vilazodone
4. Vortioxetine
5. Buspirone
6. Varenicline

57
Q

Atypical Antidepressants - Mirtazapine
- Mechanism of action?
- Indications?
- Side effects?
- Drug interactions?

A
58
Q

Atypical Antidepressants - Bupropion
- Mechanism of action?
- Indications?
- Side effects?
- Drug interactions?

A
59
Q

Atypical Antidepressants - Vilazodone
- Mechanism of action?
- Indications?
- Side effects?
- Drug interactions?

A
60
Q

Atypical Antidepressants - Vortioxetine
- Mechanism of action?
- Indications?
- Side effects?
- Drug interactions?

A
61
Q

Atypical Antidepressants - Buspirone
- Mechanism of action?
- Indications?
- Side effects?
- Drug interactions?

A
62
Q

Atypical Antidepressants - Varenicline
- Mechanism of action?
- Indications?
- Side effects?
- Drug interactions?

A
63
Q

Describe the role of St John’s Wort in the treatment of depression?

A
64
Q
A
65
Q
A
66
Q
A
67
Q
A
68
Q
A
69
Q
A
70
Q
A
71
Q
A
72
Q

Desribe the use of Antidepressants and 5-HT1A agonists as anxiolytic drugs?

A

YR3 Pharmacology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions