Psychiatric conditions Flashcards
What is Cotard syndrome?
Patient believes that they/part of their body is dead or non-existant.
Associated with severe depression and psychotic disorders
Features of De Clerambault’s syndrome?
Ertomania - paranoid delusion with amorous quality - eg, famous person in love with them
What is delusional parasitosis
Patient has fixed, false belief that they are infested by bugs.
What is Othello’s syndrome?
Pathological jealousy where person is convinced their partner is cheating on them without any real proof.
What are psudohallucinations?
False sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli when the person is aware they are hallucinating.
What are the features of psychosis?
Hallucinations,
Delusions,
Thought disorganisation - Alogia, tangentiality (diverge from topic), clanging, word salad.
Agitation/aggression,
Neurocognitive impairment,
Depression,
Thoughts of self harm.
In what conditions can psychotic symptoms be present?
Schizophrenia (most common),
Depression,
Bipolar disorder,
Puerperal psychosis,
Brief psychotic disorder (symptoms last less than a month),
Neurological conditions (parkinsons or huntingtons)
Prescribed drugs (steroids)
Illicit drugs
What are the risk factors for Schizophrenia?
Strongest risk factor - positive family history.
Black-caribbean ethnicity,
Migration.
Urban environment,
Cannabis use.
What are the presenting features of schizoprenia?
Auditory hallucinations (thought echo, voices discussing patient/commenting on behaviour)
Thought disorders (thought insertion/withdrawal/broadcasting)
Passivity phenomena (bodily sensations/actions/impulses being controlled by external influence)
Delusional perceptions (first a normal object then sudden intense delusional insight into the objects meaning)
Disorganized speech/thinking
Others: Impaired insight, negative symptoms (anhedonia, alogia), neologisms, catatonia.
Management of schizophrenia?
Atypical antipsychotics are first line.
CBT should be offered to all patients.
What factors are associated with poor prognosis in schizophrenia?
Strong family history,
Gradual onset,
Low IQ,
Prodromal phase of social withdrawal,
Lack of obvious precipitant.
Features of sleep paralysis?
Paralysis - after waking up or shortly before falling asleep.
Hallucinations - images or speaking that appear during paralysis.
Rx - clonazepam can be used.
Types negative symptoms?
5 A’s:
1. Blunted Affect (little/no emotion),
2. Alogia (speech lacks content)
3. Anhedonia (loss of pleasure)
4. Asociality (no desire for social interaction)
5. Avolition (no motivation)
Treatment resistant schizoprenia?
No response to at least 2+ antipsychotics for 12 weeks
In which case clozapine is used.
