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Year 12 > Psych U4 AOS2 > Flashcards

Psych U4 AOS2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mental wellbeing

A

person’s psychological state, including their ability to think, process information and regulate emotions
- indicated by levels of functioning, resilience, and social and emotional wellbeing

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2
Q

Levels of functioning

A

degree to which an individual can carry out day-to-day tasks in an effective and independent manner
High levels - carry out everyday tasks independently, set goals, adapt to environmental change
Low levels - maladaptive behaviours; the opposite

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3
Q

Resilience

A

Ability to cope with and manage change and uncertainty, and restore positive functioning
High levels - high self-efficacy, high coping flexibility, optimism and hope
Low levels - enduring feelings of being overwhelmed, unhelpful coping strategies

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4
Q

Link between social and emotional wellbeing

A

ability to understand and label our emotions enables us to communicate our needs to others

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5
Q

Social and emotional wellbeing

A

Social wellbeing - ability to form and maintain meaningful bonds with others, and adapt to different social situations
Emotional wellbeing - ability to appropriately regulate emotions, and understand the emotions of others

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6
Q

SEWB

A

holistic and multi-dimensional framework including all elements of being and thus wellbeing for Ab. & TSI people

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7
Q

Connections included in SEWB framework

A
  • body
  • mind and emotions
  • family and kinship
  • community
  • culture
  • country
  • spirit, spirituality and ancestors
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8
Q

Determinants of wellbeing included in SEWB

A

Social - circumstances where people grow, live, work, and systems in place to deal with illness
Historical - ongoing influence of past events, policies and trauma on groups of people
Political - policies that shape process of distributing resources and power, and create or reinforce social and health inequities

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9
Q

Internal factors influencing mental wellbeing

A
  • stress response, thought patterns, genetic predispositions
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10
Q

External factors influencing mental wellbeing

A
  • loss of significant relationship, level of education, access to support services
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11
Q

Anxiety

A

psychological and physiological response that involves feelings of worry or apprehension bout a perceived threat

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12
Q

Differences between stress and anxiety

A
  • stress can involve positive feelings, anxiety typically does not
  • anxiety may be due to unknown stim
    anxiety is more future oriented
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13
Q

Similarities between stress and anxiety

A
  • small amounts can be adaptive in the short term (motivation)
  • people experience both over time
  • not always a sign of low MWB
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14
Q

Specific phobia

A

type of diagnosable anxiety characterised by excessive or disproportionate fear when encountering/anticipating the encounter of a particular stim

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15
Q

Characteristics of specific phobia

A
  • excessive
  • feeling of fear is predominant
  • distressing
  • avoidance of phobic stim
  • irrational phobia
  • symp. NS dominant
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16
Q

Contributing factors for phobias

A

Biological - GABA dysfunction, LTP
Psychological - precipitation by CC, perpetuation by OC, cognitive biases
Social - specific environmental triggers, stigma around seeking treatment

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17
Q

Explain the role of OC in the dvpt of a phobia

A
  • OC has a perpetuating role in specific phobia
  • Because the consequence stage of OC can negatively reinforce avoidance behaviours to phobic stimuli that prevent someone from becoming anxious, making these behaviour more likely to be repeated in future
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18
Q

Describe the role of LTP in the dvpt. of a phobia

A
  • LTP involves the long lasting strengthening of synaptic connections that are repeatedly coactivated/stimulated
  • for phobia, this involves coactivation of neural signals involved in perceiving the phobic stimulus and the neural signals in the stress response…
  • which strengthens their associations in learning and memory, contributing to specific phobia
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19
Q

Describe how GABA dysfunction can contribute to a phobic response

A
  • low levels of GABA means inhibitory activations of neurons during the stress response might not be high enough
  • this means over-excitation of neural pathways, causing anxiety and a phobic response, as FFF response is more easily activated
20
Q

Explain how breathing retraining can be used to reduce phobic anxiety.

A
  • phobic reactions involve fast-paced, shallow breathing, sometimes causing hyperventilating and other sympathetic nervous system responses
  • Breathing retraining is a method used to teach breathing control techniques such as controlled deep slow breaths (counting etc) which may reduce this physiological arousal
  • someone with phobic anxiety can apply this technique to induce physiological relaxation to reduce this anxiety through parasympathetic responses
21
Q

Describe how benzodiazepines work as short-acting anti-anxiety agents to treat phobias

A
  • people with specific phobias may often have GABA dysfunction…
  • Thus BDZ work as GABA agonists by binding to GABA receptor sites on post synaptic neurons to mimic the effects of GABA…
  • increasing the effectiveness of GABA…
  • allowing it to have its inhibitory effects
  • by making the post synaptic neuron less likely to fire, the over-excitation of neurons that cause anxiety is reduced –> temporary relief of stress response
22
Q

Examples of what the social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) framework suggests about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ perspectives of mental wellbeing.

A
  • suggests FN view mental wellbeing holistically –> considers the whole person
  • suggests mental wellbeing of FN is intrinsically embedded in community, family and extended kinship networks
  • suggests range of factors influence FN social and emotional wellbeing, such as political, cultural, social and historical determinants
23
Q

Explain how cultural determinants can be considered ‘protective factors’ for the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

A
24
Q

Protective factors

A

Biological - adequate health and nutrition, sleep
Psychological - Cognitive behavioural strategies, mindfulness meditation
Social - support from family, friends, community

25
Q

Determinants of mental wellbeing

A

factors that influence mental wellbeing on individual and community levels eg self-determination and cultural continuity, leadership, indigenous beliefs and knowledge, connection to Country

26
Q

Cultural continuity

A

passing down and active practice of cultural knowledge, traditions and values from generation to generation
- maintains high levels of wellbeing by enabling communities to heal and form strong identities

27
Q

Cognitive biases

A

Memory bias - tendency to recall negative content of experiences with their phobic stimulus, more than positive and neutral memories associated with it –> caused by inaccurate, exaggerated memory
Catastrophic thinking - stim/event predicted to be far worse than it really is

28
Q

Internal factors influencing mental wellbeing

A
  • stress response
  • thought patterns
  • genetic predispositions
29
Q

External factors influencing mental wellbeing

A
  • loss of significant relationship
  • difficult work/school
  • access to support services
30
Q

Systematic desensitisation

A

therapeutic technique used to overcome phobias that involves a patient being exposed incrementally to increasingly anxiety inducing stimuli, combined with relaxation techniques
- operates on principles of classical conditioning, aims to de-condition by associating phobic stim with relaxing

31
Q

Process of systematic desensitisation

A
  1. Learn relaxation technique eg breathing retraining
  2. Development of fear hierarchy
  3. Gradual step by step exposure
  4. Continuation of this systematic exposure
32
Q

Mindfulness meditation

A

practice of meditation that involves focusing on present experiences to promote calm and peace
Benefits - improve emotional reactivity, decrease likelihood of rumination, improve memory, decrease stress/anxiety

33
Q

Self-determination

A

The rights of all peoples to pursue freely their social, cultural and economic development free from outside interference
- promotes wellbeing by enabling individuals to protect what is most important to them

34
Q

In terms of classical conditioning, how will systematic desensitisation work to eliminate a fear response?

A
  • systematic desensitisation aims to de-condition the association that produces the phobic response
  • this is between the CS and the CR of fear
  • by using relaxation techniques in intervals after gradual exposure to the phobic stim, phobic stimulus eventually associated with relaxation rather than fear
35
Q

Support

A
  • social protective factor
  • genuine and effective assistance provided by family, friends and community
  • needs to be authentic and energising
36
Q

Sleep

A
  • Biological protective factor –> need for sleep hygiene confirms this
  • naturally occurring altered state of consciousness charactered by lowered awareness of stimuli in one’s external environment that involves various physiological and psychological changes
  • bidirectional link between poor sleep and mental wellbeing
37
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of benzodiazepines

A

Strengths
- quick effect, good right before stressor/phobic stim is anticipated
Weaknesses
- highly addictive, only prescribed for short-term
- only reduce phobic anxiety in the short-term

38
Q

Psycho-education

A
  • social evidence based intervention
  • teaches families and supporters of individuals with mental health disorders, how to better understand, deal with, and treat their disorder
    Components
  • supportively challenge unrealistic and anxious thoughts
  • not encouraging avoidance behaviours, help them learn new coping strategies
39
Q

Connection to BODY (SEWB)

A

connect to physical body and health to engage fully in all aspects of life
Ex: access to good nutrition, manage illness and disability

40
Q

Connection to MIND AND EMOTIONS (SEWB)

A

ability to effectively manage thoughts an feelings
Ex: self-esteem, strong cultural identity

41
Q

Connection to FAMILY AND KINSHIP (SEWB)

A

Connect to immediate family, and wider social systems
Ex: time with family promotes connection and wellbeing

42
Q

Connection to COMMUNITY (SEWB)

A

Connection to wider social systems provides individuals and families with ability to connect with and support each other
Ex: Support networks, community services

43
Q

Connection to CULTURE (SEWB)

A

Strong sense of identity, values, tradition, and connection between past, present and future that drives behaviour and beliefs
Ex: elders passing down info/traditions, speaking local languages

44
Q

Connection to COUNTRY (SEWB)

A

Traditional lands of a particular language and cultural group, including both geographical and spiritual-emotional boundaries
Ex: est strong social and emotional wellbeing

45
Q

Connection to SPIRITUALITY AND ANCESTORS (SEWB)

A

Spirituality - connects all things, shapes beliefs, values and behaviours, guide
Ancestors - interconnected with Creation spirits and Country, that watch over, guide and protect in spiritual and physical world
Ex: believe ancestors watch over for life

46
Q
A

Year 12 (12 decks)

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