Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 12 > Psych U4 AOS1 > Flashcards

Psych U4 AOS1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sleep

A

a naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves lowered awareness of an individual’s external environment and various physiological and psychological changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Consciousness

A

awareness of our own thoughts, feelings and perceptions at any moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

state of consciousness distinctly different from normal waking consciousness in terms of awareness and experience
- induced or naturally occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal waking consciousness

A

associated with being awake and aware of objects and events in the external world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

24 hour cycles involving changes to physiological functioning or activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ultradian rhythm

A

cycles that occur within 24 hours that involve changes in physiological functioning or activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sleep cycle

A

80-90 minute cycles that repeats during a sleep episode, in which an individual progresses through NREM and REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sleep episode

A

total time spent asleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Psychological construct

A

agreed upon description of a psychological phenomenon that isn’t directly observable or measurable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Zeitgebers

A

environmental cues that signal to the brain (SCN) to regulate the body’s circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sleep diary

A

type of self-report where an individual documents their own sleep-waking activities, usually over a period of several weeks
- quantitative and qualitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

video monitoring

A

collects visual and auditory info to provide behavioural data about a person’s sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

REM sleep

A

eyeballs move quickly beneath closed eyelids, darting back and forth, and up and down, in jerky, coordinated movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics of REM

A
  • approximately 20-25% of sleep episode
  • virtual muscle paralysis
  • vivid dreams
  • beta like waves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NREM Stage 1

A
  • Transition from wakefulness to a light sleep
  • Likely to experience a hypnic jerk
  • If woken, may report they weren’t asleep
  • Theta brainwaves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NREM Stage 2

A
  • First stage an individual is fully asleep
  • Still light sleep
  • No eye movement, body temp drops
  • Theta brainwaves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NREM Stage 3

A
  • Deepest sleep, slowest heartrate and breathing, body fully relaxed
  • Repairs body, tissue repair/growth, cell generation, immune system strengthens
  • Difficult to wake, would be drowsy (sleep inertia)
  • Delta waves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Electroencephalography

A

detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the brain, measured in brain waves
- electrodes placed on scalp
- translates activity into visual pattern of brainwaves
- indicates whether an individual is awake or asleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Electromyography

A

detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the muscles in the body
- Indicate change in muscle activity (movement) and muscle tone (tension)
- Electrical activity decreases when entering sleep
- High activity during periods of muscle spasms
- Little to no activity in REM sleep: virtual muscle paralysis

20
Q

Electro-occulograph

A

detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of muscles that move the eyes
- NOT muscles in the eye
- Electrodes attached to areas of face surrounding eyes
- Indicates difference between REM and NREM sleep

21
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

area of hypothalamus responsible for regulating an individual’s sleep-wake patterns
- internal body clock
- sensitive to light

22
Q

Melatonin

A

sleep hormone secreted during low light levels to induce sleep
- regulated by SCN
- released by pineal gland in epithalamus
- syncs sleep-wake cycle to day and night

23
Q

Regulation of sleep wake cycle

A
  1. Light (zeitgeber) received by eyes
  2. SCN activated
  3. SCN signals to pineal gland to release melatonin to promote sleep
  4. Adrenal gland releases cortisol to promote wakefulness
24
Q

General changes of sleep across lifetime

A
  • Total sleep time for optimal functioning decreases
  • Proportion of REM sleep decreases significantly from infancy (50% -30/40%) then gradually through life
  • Time spent in NREM stage 3 decreases, replaced with NREM stage 2 sleep
  • Increased awakenings in adulthood
25
Q

Key features of infancy sleep (0-12 months)

A
  • sleep onset at any time
  • sleep ep only as 1-2 cycles
    lack capacity for deep NREM sleep
  • more REM sleep for rapid brain development and exposure to new stimuli
  • circadian rhythm not developed until 3 months
26
Q

Key features of Childhood (3-12 years) sleep

A
  • total sleep time decreases due to maturation
  • NREM proprotion increases for replenishment and growth of body
27
Q

Key features of Old age (65+ years) sleep

A
  • severe decrease in total sleep time and slow wave sleep
  • NREM 3 sleep disappears
  • more fragmented sleep
  • increased sleep latency
27
Q

Key features of Adulthood (19-65 years) sleep

A

decrease in time and proportion of time in REM and NREM sleep
- gradual loss of NREM 3, replaced with NREM 2
- circadian phase advance
- melatonin concentration decreases

27
Q

Key features of Adolescence (12-19 years) sleep

A
  • amount of NREM 3 decreases, amount of NREM 2 increases
  • delayed sleep onset (~2 hrs)
28
Q

Restoration theory

A
  • Sleep is vital for replenishing and revitalising the mind (REM) and body (NREM)
  • Sleep keeps mind and body functioning at optimal levels
29
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

state caused by inadequate quantity or quality of sleep

30
Q

Partial sleep deprivation

A

having less sleep than normally required for optimal functioning

31
Q

total sleep deprivation

A

no sleep for 24 hrs
- equivalent to 0.10 BAC

32
Q

Affective effects of partial sleep depriv

A
  • irritability and moodiness
  • poor emotional regulation
  • increased negative emotions
33
Q

cognitive effects of partial sleep depriv

A
  • impaired concentration
  • lapses in attention
    impaired learning and memory
    impaired problem solving and decision making
34
Q

behavioural effects of partial sleep depriv

A
  • sleep inertia: performance impairment after immediately waking
  • slowed reaction time
  • micro sleep: 3-15 second involuntary sleep
35
Q

Sleep disorder

A

disturbances to typical sleep-wake cycles

36
Q

Circadian rhythm disorder

A

category of sleep disorders, characterised by patterns of sleep disturbances, due to a misalignment between the circadian rhythm and sleep-wake schedule required by a person
- SCN may receive internal and external cues at abnormal times

37
Q

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder

A

delay in sleep onset resulting in going to sleep later and wanting to wake up later
- disruption to internal cues

38
Q

Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder

A

early sleep onset, results in going to sleep earlier and waking earlier

39
Q

Shift work

A

employment outside of a normal 9-5, which disrupts natural circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycles
- external cues are out of syn with internal cues leading to circadian rhythm sleep disorders

40
Q

Bright light therapy

A

involves exposure to intense, but safe, amounts of light at regular patterns to shift an individual’s sleep -wake cycle to a desired scheduleBright light therapy

41
Q

Sleep hygiene

A

habits and practices to improve and maintain an individual’s sleep patterns (good sleep at night, alert during day)

42
Q

zeitgeber

A

Environmental cues that provide signals to the brain (SCN) to regulate the body’s circadian rhythms

43
Q

temperature zeitgeber

A
  • ideal room temp is 17-21 degrees
  • ideal skin and microclimate is 21-35 degrees
44
Q

day light and blue light - zeitgeber

A
  • daylight is the main zeitgeber
  • detection by SCN directly influences melatonin release
  • blue light before bed results in conflicting information
45
Q

eating and drinking - zeitgeber

A
  • Routine food consumption during daylight phase of a 24 hr cycle keeps SCN and peripheral clocks synchronised
  • Mealtimes in misalignment with the routine light-dark cycle of day disrupt and shift normal functioning of the body clock

Year 12 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions