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my class > PSYCH: U1 C1 LO quiz > Flashcards

PSYCH: U1 C1 LO quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Psycology

literal meaning?

A

The study of the mine or soul

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2
Q

Kalat’s definition of Psycology?

A

The systematic study of behavior and experiences

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3
Q

3 major philosophical issues

A
  1. Free will vs Determinism
  2. The mind–brain problem
  3. The nature–nurture issue
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4
Q

Determinism

what is it?

A

everything that happens has a cause, or determinant, that someone could observe or measure

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5
Q

How does determinism differs from free will?

A
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6
Q

Free will

what is it?

A

The belief that behavior is caused by a person’s independent decisions

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7
Q

The mind-brain problem

what is it?

A

The philosophical question of how experience relates to the brain

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8
Q

Dualism

what is it?

A

The mind is separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain and the rest of the body.

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9
Q

Monism

what is it?

A

Conscious experience is inseparable from the physical brain.

Mental activity is brain activity.

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10
Q

Nature-nurture issue

what is it?

A

How do differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity and environment?

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11
Q

types of psychologists

A

Clinical psychologists
Psychiatrist
Psychoanalyst
Psychiatric nurse
Clinical social worker
Counseling psycologist
Forensic psycologist

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12
Q

Evolutionary psychologist

what is it?

A

Explains behavior in terms of the evolutionary history of the species, including why evolution might have favored a tendency to act in particular ways.

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13
Q

Learning theorists

what is it?

A
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14
Q

Cognitive psychologist

what is it?

A

studies thought and knowledge processes
focus on how people make decisions, solve problems, and convert their thoughts into language.

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15
Q

Wundt and introspection

A

Wundt — medical doctor and sensory researcher

introspect — to look within oneself and examining personal thoughts and emotions.

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16
Q

Comparative psychologists

what is it?

A

Specialists who compare different animal species,

17
Q

Behaviorism

what is it?

A

A field of psychology that concentrates on observable, measurable behaviors and not on mental processes.

18
Q

Science

meaning?

A

“knowledge”

19
Q

Hypothesis

what is it?

A

a clear predictive statement

20
Q

Replicable results

what is it?

A

Those that anyone can obtain by following the same procedures

21
Q

Theory

what is it?

A

An explanation or model that fits many observations and makes accurate predictions.

22
Q

Burden of proof

what is it?

A

The obligation to present evidence to support one’s claim

23
Q

principle of parsimony

what is it

A

“stinginess”/Occam’s razor
- a conservative idea: We stick with ideas that work and try as hard as we can to avoid new assumptions/adhere to what we already believe, to resist radically new hypotheses.

24
Q

Anecdotes

what is it

A

People’s reports of isolated events, such as a dream that comes true.

25
Q

operational definition

what is it?

A

A definition that specifies the operations (or procedures) used to produce or measure something, ordinarily a way to give it a numerical value.

26
Q

naturalistic observation

what is it?

A

A careful examination of what happens under more or less natural conditions.

27
Q

case histories/studies

what is it?

A

a thorough description of someone, including abilities and disabilities, medical condition, life history, unusual experiences, and whatever else seems relevant.

28
Q

correlation

what is it?

A

a measure of the relationship between two variables.

29
Q

correlation studies

what is it

A

investigators measure the relation between two variables without controlling either of them.

30
Q

illusory correlation

what is it

A

An apparent relationship based on casual observations of unrelated or weakly related events.

31
Q

experiment

what is it

A

a study in which the investigator manipulates at least one variable while measuring at least one other variable.

32
Q

independent variable

what is it

A

the item that an experimenter changes or controls

33
Q

dependent variable

what is it

A

the item that an experimenter measures to determine the outcome

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