PSYCH: U1 C1 LO quiz

Question 1

Psycology

literal meaning?

Answer 1

The study of the mine or soul

Question 2

Kalat’s definition of Psycology?

Answer 2

The systematic study of behavior and experiences

Question 3

3 major philosophical issues

Answer 3

1. Free will vs Determinism
2. The mind–brain problem
3. The nature–nurture issue

Question 4

Determinism

what is it?

Answer 4

everything that happens has a cause, or determinant, that someone could observe or measure

Question 5

How does determinism differs from free will?

Question 6

Free will

what is it?

Answer 6

The belief that behavior is caused by a person’s independent decisions

Question 7

The mind-brain problem

what is it?

Answer 7

The philosophical question of how experience relates to the brain

Question 8

Dualism

what is it?

Answer 8

The mind is separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 9

Monism

what is it?

Answer 9

Conscious experience is inseparable from the physical brain.

Mental activity is brain activity.

Question 10

Nature-nurture issue

what is it?

Answer 10

How do differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity and environment?

Question 11

types of psychologists

Answer 11

Clinical psychologists
Psychiatrist
Psychoanalyst
Psychiatric nurse
Clinical social worker
Counseling psycologist
Forensic psycologist

Question 12

Evolutionary psychologist

what is it?

Answer 12

Explains behavior in terms of the evolutionary history of the species, including why evolution might have favored a tendency to act in particular ways.

Question 13

Learning theorists

what is it?

Question 14

Cognitive psychologist

what is it?

Answer 14

studies thought and knowledge processes
focus on how people make decisions, solve problems, and convert their thoughts into language.

Question 15

Wundt and introspection

Answer 15

Wundt — medical doctor and sensory researcher

introspect — to look within oneself and examining personal thoughts and emotions.

Question 16

Comparative psychologists

what is it?

Answer 16

Specialists who compare different animal species,

Question 17

Behaviorism

what is it?

Answer 17

A field of psychology that concentrates on observable, measurable behaviors and not on mental processes.

Question 18

Science

meaning?

Answer 18

“knowledge”

Question 19

Hypothesis

what is it?

Answer 19

a clear predictive statement

Question 20

Replicable results

what is it?

Answer 20

Those that anyone can obtain by following the same procedures

Question 21

Theory

what is it?

Answer 21

An explanation or model that fits many observations and makes accurate predictions.

Question 22

Burden of proof

what is it?

Answer 22

The obligation to present evidence to support one’s claim

Question 23

principle of parsimony

what is it

Answer 23

“stinginess”/Occam’s razor
- a conservative idea: We stick with ideas that work and try as hard as we can to avoid new assumptions/adhere to what we already believe, to resist radically new hypotheses.

Question 24

Anecdotes

what is it

Answer 24

People’s reports of isolated events, such as a dream that comes true.

Question 25

operational definition | what is it?

Answer 25

A definition that specifies the operations (or procedures) used to produce or measure something, ordinarily a way to give it a numerical value.

Question 26

naturalistic observation | what is it?

Answer 26

A careful examination of what happens under more or less natural conditions.

Question 27

case histories/studies | what is it?

Answer 27

a thorough description of someone, including abilities and disabilities, medical condition, life history, unusual experiences, and whatever else seems relevant.

Question 28

correlation | what is it?

Answer 28

a measure of the relationship between two variables.

Question 29

correlation studies | what is it

Answer 29

investigators measure the relation between two variables without controlling either of them.

Question 30

illusory correlation | what is it

Answer 30

An apparent relationship based on casual observations of unrelated or weakly related events.

Question 31

experiment | what is it

Answer 31

a study in which the investigator manipulates at least one variable while measuring at least one other variable.

Question 32

independent variable | what is it

Answer 32

the item that an experimenter changes or controls

Question 33

dependent variable | what is it

Answer 33

the item that an experimenter measures to determine the outcome