psych & the media

Question 1

What is film?

Answer 1

1. Traditionally shot on a 35mm film and then projected from a 35mm print
2. 35mm films comes on reels = changed every 10-12 mins
3. Event movies to differentiate cinema from TV
4. Cinema = histroically at war w TV

Question 2

Motion Pictures

Answer 2

• Depends on persistence of vision for 24 fps to look like movement
• In major film everything you see / hear = intended
  • scripts go through many drafts
  • storyboards to compose camera shots
  • Artistic director to create place / atmosphere

Question 3

Telivision / streaming

Answer 3

• 350 characters in TV drama per week (gerbner, 1997)
  HUMANS = never been exposed to such variety before
  
  • can offer diversity i.e. foster +ve attitudes
  • underrepresentation e.g. older adults, women adn
    ethnicity
  • we also depend on media rep for knowledge
    sterotypes

Question 4

Media Exposure - children estimated to watch how many

Answer 4

Children estimated to watch 40 hours tv per week

Question 5

By the age of 65 the average american wouldve wacthed how many years of tv according to BUshman et al 2020

Answer 5

9

Question 6

Violence and the media - the hypodermic needle model

Answer 6

media = injectde into us —> passive absorption —> media will affect all ppl the same way

• Some case studies but lack of emperical evidence and psych theory

Remains a common lay theory - has popular appeal as common sense approach

Question 7

Bandura’s 1961, 1963 bobo doll study

Answer 7

Observational learning - actor beh aggressively - does child immitate the beh? - imitation = supports slt

Question 8

Moral Panic - CopyCat crimes

Answer 8

1980s panic ab video nasties (VHS video players had become affordable household items)
- Mary Whitehouse / National Viewers’ and Listeners’ Association

Question 9

What are some e.g of exploitation horror films released on VHS

Answer 9

Cannibal Holovaust
The Driller Killer

Question 10

VHS = regarded as ?

Answer 10

invading the home

Question 11

What di BBFC apply?

Answer 11

Stricter standards to what could be released on videp

Question 12

A clockwork orange - based on?

Answer 12

Short book by Anthony Burgess = made into big budget film by Stanley kurbick

= withdrawn by Kuberick in the UK due to its graphic content and hatred towards him & was blamed for copycat crimes

Question 13

Copycat crimes?

Answer 13

Columbine High School Shootings (12 students, 1 teacher and double suicide of Eric Harris & Dylan Klebold)

Question 14

The double suicide was explained w emphesis on what?

Answer 14

Music - Mara lyin Manson
Games - violent
Film - also violent

Question 15

Brewer, 2011 said what?

Answer 15

The news frequently features violence but why isn’t it blamed?

Question 16

Experimental Evidence

Answer 16

a v mixed picture
1) Physical Violence
2) Non Physical Aggression
3) Non Aggressive scene
Ppts = able to administer loud noises to a researcher who behaved antagonistically

Question 17

Coyne 2008

Answer 17

found evidence that women in cond 1 & 2 behaved more aggressisvely (simi results w children, adol and men)

Question 18

Exp Evidence 2

Answer 18

Lab exp = high degree of control = far removed from real life violence

Question 19

Longitdunial Evidence - Lefkowitz , 1977

Answer 19

Prefernce for violent media at 8 y/o predicts aggression at 19 y/o

Question 20

Longtidunial Ev - Johnson, 2002

Answer 20

High numb of robberies and assaults amaong adults who reported watching more tv in adol

Question 21

If a child = exposed to media violence and IF it promotes the learning of aggressive habits then …

Answer 21

it can have harmful conseq

Question 22

Brewer 2011, said what else?

Answer 22

Exposure seems to mod predict aggression later in life but evdednce generally doesn’t support thr presumption that aggy children seek out violent media

Question 23

Exp focusing on physical vio has a mod effect of?

Answer 23

0.32

Question 24

Longitudinal research = weaked effect sixe of ? (Park and Camstock, 1994)

Answer 24

0.1 - meta analysis of r/s between 1957 - 1990

Question 25

Male Gaze - Laura Mulvey (1975)

Answer 25

Implicit asssump that the view = male
She termed the ‘male gaze’

Question 26

The media and masc - GILES, 2003 - 3 types

Answer 26

1. Hegemonic
2. Conservative
3. Subordinated

Question 27

Hegemonic Masc?

Answer 27

Masc intended to dominate women

Question 28

Conservative Masc?

Answer 28

More sensitive and nurturing ‘ the new man ‘

Question 29

Subordinated Masc?

Answer 29

ALT / outcast masc = -ve
- gay men
- trailer trash sterotype

Question 30

Masc - Divergence

Answer 30

Feminisation of men in hollywood e.g comedies where men take female roles for comedic effecr - three men and a baby or mrs doubtfire

Question 31

Gender - female

Answer 31

Chronic female underrep from the invention of TV = slowly imp (Giles)
Married w kids = mom role
Young = Sexy and Romantic
Trad Occup - waitressing, passive victims resc by heroic man

Question 32

Masc - Objectified

Answer 32

Psychologists discov men found eroticised male images of male bodies as unrealistic but threatening

Question 33

What potential impacts do rep have?

Answer 33

• Intimidated
• Limitation in gym (steriod)