Psych test 3

Question 1

Schizophrenia spectrum and other
psychotic disorders (defined abnormalities)

Answer 1

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized thinking (typically inferred from speech)
• Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
• Negative symptoms

Question 2

Delusions

Answer 2

Fixed beliefs not amenable to change despite conflicting evidence.

Question 3

Persecutory

Answer 3

others are plotting against them

Question 4

Referential

Answer 4

a type of delusional thinking characterized by the belief that everyday events, objects, or people have special significance or are directed towards the individual.

Question 5

Somatic

Answer 5

bodily functions, sensations, appearance

Question 6

Grandiose

Answer 6

has some great / unrecognized talent / insight / discovery

Question 7

Erotomanic

Answer 7

another person (usually famous) is in love with the person

Question 8

Nihilistic

Answer 8

intense feelings of emptiness

Question 9

Bizarre

Answer 9

clearly implausible to same culture peers

Question 10

Non-bizarre

Answer 10

could occur in real life

Question 11

Hallucinations

Answer 11

Perceptions without external stimuli. Vivid and clear

Question 12

tactile

Answer 12

tingling, burning, electric shock sensations, insects crawling

Question 13

somatic

Answer 13

something occurring inside of the body

Question 14

gustatory

Answer 14

taste

Question 15

olfactory

Answer 15

smell

Question 16

Disorganized Thinking

Answer 16

Difficulties in logical thinking, typically inferred from speech

Question 17

Derailment / loose associations

Answer 17

switch from topic to topic
most common

Question 18

Tangentiality

Answer 18

unrelated or only obliquely related

Question 19

Perseveration

Answer 19

persistent repetition of phrases, words, details

Question 20

Neologisms

Answer 20

newly coined words, phrases, meanings

Question 21

Clanging

Answer 21

sound associated speech w/o a logical connection

Question 22

Disorganized or abnormal motor
behavior

Answer 22

Silliness, grimaces, awkward movements, odd gestures, agitation

Question 23

Catatonia

Answer 23

marked decrease in reactivity to the environment

Question 24

Alogia

Answer 24

Reduction in speech (say very little) or speech content (convey little meaning)

Question 25

Blunted

Answer 25

display fewer emotions/feelings than most people

Question 26

Flat

Answer 26

display almost no emotions at all

Question 27

Avolition

Answer 27

apathy

Question 28

Ambivalence

Answer 28

conflicting feelings about most things

Question 29

Social withdrawal

Answer 29

decreased interest in social interactions

Question 30

Anhedonia

Answer 30

decreased ability to experience pleasure

Question 31

Schizophrenia – Diagnostic Criteria (symptoms)

Answer 31

2 or more of the following; At least one must be 1, 2, or 3. 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. Negative symptoms

Question 32

Schizophrenia – Diagnostic Criteria (timeline)

Answer 32

Continuous signs of the disturbance for at least 6 months, incl. at least one month of active-phase symptoms

Question 33

Schizophrenia prevalence

Answer 33

Estimated 1% worldwide Affects women and men equally Average age of onset:  Men: 23 years  Women: 28 years

Question 34

Schizophrenia - Phases

Answer 34

Prodromal: symptoms not obvious; deterioration beginning  Active: symptoms more apparent; possibly result of stress/trauma  Residual: return to prodromal-like functioning; negative symptoms may remain

Question 35

Schizophrenia – Causality? biological view

Answer 35

Over 100 specific gene sites linked to schizophrenia (defects on chromosomes) Dysfunctional brain structures and circuitry Brain abnormalities may result from prenatal/neonatal viruses

Question 36

Schizophrenia – Causality? psychological view

Answer 36

Misinterpreting unusual sensations Operant conditioning

Question 37

diathesis-stress model

Answer 37

Genetically inherited predisposition, expressed by dysfunctional brain circuit

Question 38

Schizophrenia treatment

Answer 38

Pre-1960’s:  Long-term hospitalization, essentially to control  Improvements in meds in mid-1900’s:  Deinstitutionalization begins – community/home care promoted; hospitals begin closing/reducing services  Currently:  After active phase symptoms are managed, many patients return to home/work/school. Many homeless, unemployed.

Question 39

1954 Chlorpromazine (Thorazine):

Answer 39

Often reduces agitation, hostility, aggression, hallucinations, delusions.  Increased time between hospitalizations.  No impact on negative symptoms.  Impacts dopamine receptors

Question 40

Antipsychotic medications cont.: “2nd generation” (e.g., Seroquel, Risperdal, Zyprexa)

Answer 40

Affect dopamine receptors differently, plus serotonin impact

Question 41

True or false: Both 1st and 2nd generation reduce psychotic symptoms, but produce only modest changes in quality of life for those w/chronic schizophria

Answer 41

true

Question 42

Schizophreniform Disorder: timeline

Answer 42

symptoms from 1 to 6 months

Question 43

Brief Psychotic Disorder: timeline

Answer 43

Symptoms for less than one month

Question 44

Delusional Disorder

Answer 44

Persistent non-bizarre delusions not due to schizophrenia (persecutory, jealous, grandiose, somatic are common)  At least one month

Question 45

Schizoaffective Disorder:

Answer 45

Marked symptoms of both Criterion A of schizophrenia and a major depressive or a manic episode