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11th grade > Psych Sleep and Consciousness > Flashcards

Psych Sleep and Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

why do we sleep?

A

Recuperation, Growth, mental function

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2
Q

consciouness

A

brain process of which we are aware

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3
Q

nonconsciousness

A

brain process that does not involve conscious processing

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4
Q

what stage of sleep do night terrors happen in?

A

Non-REM 3

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5
Q

manifest content

A

the things we remember, the storyline of a dream

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6
Q

latent content

A

the things that we aren’t aware of, hidden symbols in a dream

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7
Q

preconscious

A

information that is not currently conscious, but can be brought into consciousness if attention is brought to it (what you had for breakfast yesterday)

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8
Q

unconscious

A

levels of processing that occur without awareness

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9
Q

biological rhythms

A

periodic physiological fluctuations

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10
Q

circadian rhythm

A

the biological clock, regular body rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

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11
Q

functions of sleep

A
  1. to conserve energy
  2. to restore the body
  3. to build “neural nets” and flush out useless information from the brain
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12
Q

a perfect night of sleep:

A
  1. 90-minute cycles
  2. R.E.M. vs non-R.E.M. sleep
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13
Q

sleep

A

periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct form unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

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14
Q

R.E.M. sleep

A

a recurring sleep state during which vivid dreams commonly occur, muscles are relaxed, but other body systems are active

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15
Q

Paradoxical sleep

A

the same thing as R.E.M. sleep

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16
Q

NREM sleep

A

non-rapid eye movement sleep, encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

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17
Q

Beta waves

A

awake, normal, alert and conscious

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18
Q

alpha waves

A

awake but drowsy

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19
Q

delta waves

A

deep sleep waves

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20
Q

theta waves

A

state of deep meditation, past consciousness, pushing past sleeps

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21
Q

gamma waves

A

heightened perception, when you’re awake but meditating

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22
Q

BADTG

A

order of sleep waves

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23
Q

Over the years…

A

the need for REM decreases considerably, while the need for NREM sleep only decreases a little bit

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24
Q

REM rebound

A

when deprived of REM and NREM, we fall quickly into REM sleep and spend more time there than in a usual night of sleep

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25
Q

insomnia

A

people have trouble getting to sleep or staying asleep

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26
Q

sleep apnea

A

respiratory disorder where people intermittently stop breathing

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27
Q

sleep walking

A

during NREM sleep, can be a dissociative episode where your brain comes into partial awareness

28
Q

narcolepsy

A

sudden sleep attacks and cataplexy

29
Q

cataplexy

A

loss of muscle control

30
Q

night terrors

A

screaming in deep sleep, once awakened there is no memory of the terror

31
Q

REM sleep disorder

A

the body doesn’t go into paralysis during REM, instead there is vivid dreaming and moving around, dangerous

32
Q

sleep paralysis

A

inability to move limbs during sleep (specifically REM)

33
Q

information processing theory

A

dreams sift, sort, and fix the day’s experiences into memory

34
Q

People who get _________ sleep have higher scores on memory exams

A

REM

35
Q

Sigmund freud (psychoanalytic) theory includes:

A

manifest and latent content, dreams are key to understanding inner conflicts

36
Q

Carl Jung

A

Freud’s student, believed in “decoding” dreams

37
Q

activation synthesis theory

A

dreams are a product of activity from brain stem, our cerebral cortex attempts to make sense of neurons firing by creating a story

38
Q

dreams have no…

A

deep meaning, PET scans and other imaging techniques provide evidence for this

39
Q

disinhibitor

A

lack of restraint due to impulsivity or poor risk assessment

40
Q

hypnosis

A

a state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion

41
Q

4 key steps to hypnosis

A
  1. the hypnotist tells the person to focus on what is being said
  2. the person is told to relax and feel tired
  3. the hypnotist tells the person to “let go” and accept suggestions easily
  4. the person is told to use vivid imagination
42
Q

hypnosis is…

A

a handy way to relax and control pain

43
Q

hypnosis is sometimes used as…

A

psychological therapy to help people cope with pain, anxiety, craving for food or drugs

44
Q

people can be hypnotized when active and alert, and only if they are willing

A

only 80% of all people can be hypnotized
only 40% are good hypnotic subjects

45
Q

people who can be hypnotized have areas of their brain associated with decision making and attention

A

BUT people CANNOT be hypnotized against their will

46
Q

basic suggestion effect

A

the tendency to act as though their behavior is automatic and out of control

47
Q

hypnosis as dissociation

A

works only on the immediate conscious mind, while a part of the mind remains aware of all this is going on

48
Q

hypnosis as social role-playing

A

began with an experiment in which participants who were not hypnotized were instructed to behave as if they were (like at the fair)

49
Q

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

A

theory that assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are playing the roles that is expected of them in the situation

50
Q

meditation

A

series of exercises meant to focus attention and achieve a trancelike state of consciousness

51
Q

benefits of meditation

A

lowers blood pressure, reduces chronic pain, reduces risk of heart disease, reduces anxiety and depression

52
Q

some of the experiences that reflect the nature of flow states are:

A

athletes describe being in the zone
entertainers describe being lost in the music
artists describe their medium as an extension of themselves

53
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

chemical substances that alter thinking, perception, and memory

54
Q

physical dependence

A

condition that occurs when a person’s body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

55
Q

drug tolerance

A

as a person continues to use the drug, larger and larger doses of the drug are needed to achieve the same initial effects

56
Q

negative reinforcement

A

the tendency to continue a behavior that leads to the removal of unpleasant circumstances

57
Q

physiological dependence

A

the belief that the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being, there is no withdrawal, can last forever

58
Q

3 major drug categories

A

stimulants, depressants, hallucinogenic

59
Q

stimulants

A

drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

60
Q

depressants

A

drug that decreases the function of the nervous system

61
Q

hallucinogenic

A

drugs that alter perceptions and may cause hallucinations

62
Q

examples of stimulants

A

amphetamines (Dexedrine, methedrine)
cocaine
nicotine
caffeine

63
Q

depressants

A

Xanax
alcohol
narcotics (opium, morphine, herion)

64
Q

two types of hallucinogens

A

created in a lab (manufactured highs)
from natural sources (nonmanufactured highs)

65
Q

types of manufactured highs

A

LSD
PCP
Ecstasty

66
Q

types of nonmanufactured highs

A

marijuana

67
Q

hallucinogens alter your senses and produce

A

distortions very similar to synesthesia

11th grade (8 decks)

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