Oceans Unit 5 Flashcards
what is a biome
a group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms
6 major land biomes
rainforests, deserts, grasslands, deciduous forests, boreal forests, and tundras
2 major water ecosystems
marine and freshwater
what determines a biome
temperature and precipitation
compare and contrast a temperate and tropical rainforest
both have rain, temperate has moderate temperatures and tropical has warm and humid
what are the different layers of a tree
canopy: leafy roof
understory: 2nd layer of short trees and vines
describe the temperatures deserts experience
large shifts from day to night, extreme temperatures
what organisms are found in grasslands
bison, elephants, deer
how are grassland and savannas similar
same type of prairie environment w/ long grass and scattered shrubs
what is unique about leaves on deciduous trees
they shed their leaves and grow back every year
examples of trees found in boreal forests
fir, spruce, hemlock
what happens to the soil in the tundra
it freezes (permafrost)
describe the different bodies of water in freshwater ecosystems
streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes
what is the difference between freshwater and marine ecosystems
marine: ocean, saltwater
freshwater: everything else
define abiotic
non-living components
define biotic
living components
life zones are based on what physical conditions
light, salinity, moisture, pressure, temperature
pelagic zone
open ocean from continental shelf to deep water
neritic zone
shallow ocean less than 200 m
oceanic zone
deeper ocean more than 200 m
supratidal zone
only receives sea spray
intertidal zone
between high and low tide, marked by the strandline
subtidal zone
below low tide line, always submerged underwater
coast
extends inland as far as ocean related features are found
beach
wave-worked sediment deposit of the shore area
nearshore
extends seaward from low tide shoreline to low tide breaker line
offshore
zone beyond low tide breakers
coastline
boundary between shore and coast
shoreline
water’s edge that migrates with the tide
dune
is a mound of sand formed by the wind, usually along the beach or in a desert. Dunes form when wind blows sand into a sheltered area behind an obstacle.
foreshore
part of shore above high tide shoreline
backshore
part of shore exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide
berm
dry, gently sloping, elevated beach margin at the foot of coastal cliffs or sand dunes
breakerzone
is the zone where waves break as a consequence of depth limitation and surf onshore as wave bores
high tide
level is the average height of water at high tide
bar
sand bars parallel to coast
-may not always be present
-can cause approaching waves to break
-longshore trough - separates long shore bar from beach face
low tide
level is the average height of the low tide
5 different ocean zones
epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadapelagic
what zones receive sunlight
epipelagic and mesopelagic
what zones are in the darkness
bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadopelagic
what are the 3 basic lifestyles in the ocean
plankton, nekton, benthos
give an example of plankton, nekton, and benthos
plankton: jellyfish
nekton: mollusks
benthos: sea stars
what are plankton
producers and consumers
equation for photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O = C6H1206 (carbohydrate) + O2 (oxygen)
how can plankton be studied
microscopes, underwater cameras, satellites
why are plankton so important
they produce oxygen and are an important food source
why do scientists use satellites to study plankton
because you can monitor the color of the ocean’s surface
what is the difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton
phytoplankton: plants, producers
zooplankton: animals, consumers
barnacles, starfish, snails, and clams are examples of organisms found in which zone
neritic
the ______ zone contains the first few hundred meters of deep ocean (where the light penetrates)
surface
what is NOT a major biome
temperate rainforest
which 2 biomes are similar
savanna and grassland
true or false: lakes receive the same amount of sunlight as ponds
false
the zone below the low tide line which extends over the continental shelf
neritic
the zone that only receives sea spray from crashing waves
supratidal
zone that is below the low tide line at all times
subtidal
which zones are given the name midnight zone
bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadopelagic
zone which is the primary area of food production
epipelagic
sessile organisms are different from vagrant because
they live attached to the bottom
first zone to NOT receive sunlight
bathypelagic
which zones have low density and low marine life
bathypelagic and abyssopelagic
which is most commonly found at the surface
plankton
a sea urchin is
vagrant
examples of autotrophs
grass, algae, phytoplankton
examples of autotrophs
grass, algae, phytoplankton
what color shows high amounts of plankton
red
satellites equipped with color scanners measure the concentration of ______ in the ocean
chlorophyll
zooplankton are ________ while phytoplankton are ________.
go up and down, at the surface
