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11th grade > Oceans Unit 5 > Flashcards

Oceans Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a biome

A

a group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms

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2
Q

6 major land biomes

A

rainforests, deserts, grasslands, deciduous forests, boreal forests, and tundras

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3
Q

2 major water ecosystems

A

marine and freshwater

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4
Q

what determines a biome

A

temperature and precipitation

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5
Q

compare and contrast a temperate and tropical rainforest

A

both have rain, temperate has moderate temperatures and tropical has warm and humid

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6
Q

what are the different layers of a tree

A

canopy: leafy roof
understory: 2nd layer of short trees and vines

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7
Q

describe the temperatures deserts experience

A

large shifts from day to night, extreme temperatures

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8
Q

what organisms are found in grasslands

A

bison, elephants, deer

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9
Q

how are grassland and savannas similar

A

same type of prairie environment w/ long grass and scattered shrubs

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10
Q

what is unique about leaves on deciduous trees

A

they shed their leaves and grow back every year

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11
Q

examples of trees found in boreal forests

A

fir, spruce, hemlock

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12
Q

what happens to the soil in the tundra

A

it freezes (permafrost)

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13
Q

describe the different bodies of water in freshwater ecosystems

A

streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes

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14
Q

what is the difference between freshwater and marine ecosystems

A

marine: ocean, saltwater
freshwater: everything else

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15
Q

define abiotic

A

non-living components

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16
Q

define biotic

A

living components

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17
Q

life zones are based on what physical conditions

A

light, salinity, moisture, pressure, temperature

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18
Q

pelagic zone

A

open ocean from continental shelf to deep water

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19
Q

neritic zone

A

shallow ocean less than 200 m

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20
Q

oceanic zone

A

deeper ocean more than 200 m

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21
Q

supratidal zone

A

only receives sea spray

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22
Q

intertidal zone

A

between high and low tide, marked by the strandline

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23
Q

subtidal zone

A

below low tide line, always submerged underwater

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24
Q

coast

A

extends inland as far as ocean related features are found

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25
Q

beach

A

wave-worked sediment deposit of the shore area

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26
Q

nearshore

A

extends seaward from low tide shoreline to low tide breaker line

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27
Q

offshore

A

zone beyond low tide breakers

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28
Q

coastline

A

boundary between shore and coast

29
Q

shoreline

A

water’s edge that migrates with the tide

30
Q

dune

A

is a mound of sand formed by the wind, usually along the beach or in a desert. Dunes form when wind blows sand into a sheltered area behind an obstacle.

31
Q

foreshore

A

part of shore above high tide shoreline

32
Q

backshore

A

part of shore exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide

33
Q

berm

A

dry, gently sloping, elevated beach margin at the foot of coastal cliffs or sand dunes

34
Q

breakerzone

A

is the zone where waves break as a consequence of depth limitation and surf onshore as wave bores

35
Q

high tide

A

level is the average height of water at high tide

36
Q

bar

A

sand bars parallel to coast
-may not always be present
-can cause approaching waves to break
-longshore trough - separates long shore bar from beach face

37
Q

low tide

A

level is the average height of the low tide

38
Q

5 different ocean zones

A

epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadapelagic

39
Q

what zones receive sunlight

A

epipelagic and mesopelagic

40
Q

what zones are in the darkness

A

bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadopelagic

41
Q

what are the 3 basic lifestyles in the ocean

A

plankton, nekton, benthos

42
Q

give an example of plankton, nekton, and benthos

A

plankton: jellyfish
nekton: mollusks
benthos: sea stars

43
Q

what are plankton

A

producers and consumers

44
Q

equation for photosynthesis

A

CO2 + H2O = C6H1206 (carbohydrate) + O2 (oxygen)

45
Q

how can plankton be studied

A

microscopes, underwater cameras, satellites

46
Q

why are plankton so important

A

they produce oxygen and are an important food source

47
Q

why do scientists use satellites to study plankton

A

because you can monitor the color of the ocean’s surface

48
Q

what is the difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton

A

phytoplankton: plants, producers
zooplankton: animals, consumers

49
Q

barnacles, starfish, snails, and clams are examples of organisms found in which zone

A

neritic

50
Q

the ______ zone contains the first few hundred meters of deep ocean (where the light penetrates)

A

surface

51
Q

what is NOT a major biome

A

temperate rainforest

52
Q

which 2 biomes are similar

A

savanna and grassland

53
Q

true or false: lakes receive the same amount of sunlight as ponds

A

false

54
Q

the zone below the low tide line which extends over the continental shelf

A

neritic

55
Q

the zone that only receives sea spray from crashing waves

A

supratidal

56
Q

zone that is below the low tide line at all times

A

subtidal

57
Q

which zones are given the name midnight zone

A

bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadopelagic

58
Q

zone which is the primary area of food production

A

epipelagic

59
Q

sessile organisms are different from vagrant because

A

they live attached to the bottom

60
Q

first zone to NOT receive sunlight

A

bathypelagic

61
Q

which zones have low density and low marine life

A

bathypelagic and abyssopelagic

62
Q

which is most commonly found at the surface

A

plankton

63
Q

a sea urchin is

A

vagrant

64
Q

examples of autotrophs

A

grass, algae, phytoplankton

65
Q

examples of autotrophs

A

grass, algae, phytoplankton

66
Q

what color shows high amounts of plankton

A

red

67
Q

satellites equipped with color scanners measure the concentration of ______ in the ocean

A

chlorophyll

68
Q

zooplankton are ________ while phytoplankton are ________.

A

go up and down, at the surface

11th grade (8 decks)

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