Psych - psychotic and personality disorders + other

Question 1

what is psychosis

Answer 1

umbrella term. inability to distinguish between subjective experience and reality

Question 2

what are the causes of psychosis

Answer 2

delirium 
dementia 
brain injury 
substance use/ drug induced
bipolar, depression, schizophrenia

Question 3

what are the symptoms of psychosis

Answer 3

inability to distinguish between subjective experience and reality

hallucinations 
delusions
disordered form of thought 
thought interference 
lack of insight 
feelings of passivity 
ideas of reference

Question 4

what are hallucinations

Answer 4

a perception in the absence of a stimulus

Question 5

what is a delusion? what is the difference between primary and secondary?

Answer 5

a fixed, falsely held belief

Primary = arrived fully formed without need for explanation
Secondary = attempt to explain abnormal experiences

Question 6

what is thought insertion

Answer 6

thoughts are being put into my head. they don’t belong to me

Question 7

what is thought withdrawal

Answer 7

they take my thoughts out of my head

Question 8

what is thought broadcasting

Answer 8

everyone knows what I’m thinking

Question 9

what is thought blocking

Answer 9

I get halfway through thinking and my thoughts dry up

Question 10

what is feeling of passivity

Answer 10

being controlled by someone other than them

Question 11

what are ideas of reference

Answer 11

innocuos or coincidental events ascribed to significance by the patient

Question 12

what are the types of schizophrenia

Answer 12

paranoid
hebephrenic = excessive frivolity
catatonic = movement disorder (rare)

Question 13

what is persistent delusional disorder

Answer 13

systematised, fixed delusion are major or only feature

Question 14

what is acute/transient psychotic disorder

Answer 14

schizophrenia-like symptoms <1 month

Question 15

what are the symptoms schizophrenia

Answer 15

delusions - persecutory, grandiose
auditory hallucinations, usually 3rd person 
thought interference
passivity 
neologism = making up own words

Question 16

what would you expect to see on MRI of schizophrenia

Answer 16

reduced frontal lobe volume and grey matter

enlarged lateral ventricle volume

Question 17

what is delirium

Answer 17

impaired consciousness with intrusive abnormalities or perception and affect

Question 18

what are the symptoms of delirium

Answer 18

rapid onset, transient and fluctuating

impaired consciousness
disturbance of cognition
psychomotor disturbance
emotional disturbance

Question 19

what is the standard treatment of delirium

Answer 19

antipsychotics - haloperidol

Question 20

when would haloperidol not be used in the treatment of delirium? what would be used instead?

Answer 20

parkinsons, lewy body dementia

use lorazepam

Question 21

what is personality? what is it made of?

Answer 21

A cluster of relatively predictable patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space, and context.

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 22

what is a personality disorder

Answer 22

enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviours that deviated markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture

Question 23

how does a personality disorder manifest

Answer 23

2 or more of:

Cognition (i.e. ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events).
Affectivity (i.e. the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response).
Interpersonal functioning.
Impulse control

Question 24

what is paranoid personality disorder

Answer 24

a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, interpreting their motives as malevolent

Question 25

whats schizoid personality disorder

Answer 25

a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expressions of emotions in interpersonal settings

Question 26

what is discoidal/antisocial personality disorder

Answer 26

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violating the rights of others

Question 27

what is emotional unstable personality disorder

Answer 27

a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and marked impulsivity

Question 28

what is histrionic personality disorder

Answer 28

a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Question 29

what is anankastic personality disorder

Answer 29

perfectionism + stubbornness

Question 30

what is dependent personality disorder

Answer 30

a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour with fears of separation

Question 31

what are the types of emotional unstable personality disorder

Answer 31

boderline | impulsive

Question 32

what is the treatment of emotional personality disorder

Answer 32

Dialect behavioural therapy (DBT)

Question 33

what are functional symptoms

Answer 33

symptoms where you can't easily associate the symptoms with a classically identifiable organic disease process

Question 34

what is a learning disability

Answer 34

condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind which contributes to overall intelligence

Question 35

what is a borderline learning disability

Answer 35

IQ = 70+ | mental age = 12-15

Question 36

what is a mild learning disability

Answer 36

most common, still fully independent IQ = 50-69 mental age = 9-12

Question 37

what is a moderate learning disability

Answer 37

IQ = 35-49 | mental age = 6-9

Question 38

what is a severe learning disability

Answer 38

IQ =20-34 | mental age = 3-6

Question 39

what is a profound learning disability

Answer 39

IQ <20 | mental age <3

Question 40

what disorders fall under the umbrella of autistic spectrum disorder

Answer 40

aspergers syndrome | autism

Question 41

what is the triad of symptoms that define autistic spectrum disorder? what other symptoms might be present?

Answer 41

abnormal social interaction social communication impairment rigid/restricted/repetitive behaviour, interests and activities sensory processing difficulties

Question 42

what is ADHD

Answer 42

spectrum disorder relating to behaviour

Question 43

what is the neurobiology behind ADHD

Answer 43

underactive function of frontal lobe which is responsible for impulse control, reasoning, planning etc

Question 44

what is the triad of symptoms of ADHD? what other symptoms may also be present

Answer 44

inattention hyperactivity impulsivity symptoms related to self-regulation

Question 45

what is hazardous drinking

Answer 45

pattern of consumption that increases harm ``` men = 14-50 units weekly women = 14-35 units weekly ```

Question 46

what is harmful drinking

Answer 46

pattern of alcohol consumption causing mental or physical harm men >50 units weekly women >35 units weekly

Question 47

what is alcohol dependence

Answer 47

a cluster of behaviour, cognitive and physiological factors that typically induce a strong desire to drink and difficulties controlling its use

Question 48

what are the 5 criteria for the mental health act

Answer 48

1. likely mental disorder 2. significantly impaired decision making 3. treatment required 4. significant risk 5. informal care not appropriate

Question 49

what is a emergency detention order

Answer 49

72hr assessment does NOT authorise treatment

Question 50

what is a short-term detention order

Answer 50

up to 28 days for assessment AND/OR treatment

Question 51

what is a compulsory treatment order

Answer 51

6 months assessment AND/OR treatment

Question 52

what can be used to authorise treatment of a physical disorder in someone without capacity to consent to that treatment

Answer 52

section 47 of the adults with incapacity act

Question 53

what must you able to do to have capacity

Answer 53

understand and retain relevant info use and weigh that info to make decision communicate that decision

Question 54

from what age is capacity assumed

Answer 54

16 and above

Question 55

what must you understand in order to consent to an intervention

Answer 55

what the intervention is including nature, purpose, and why it is needed benefits/risks/alternatives consequences of not receiving intervention