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3rd year > Psych - psychotic and personality disorders + other > Flashcards

Psych - psychotic and personality disorders + other Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychosis

A

umbrella term. inability to distinguish between subjective experience and reality

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2
Q

what are the causes of psychosis

A 
delirium 
dementia 
brain injury 
substance use/ drug induced
bipolar, depression, schizophrenia
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3
Q

what are the symptoms of psychosis

A

inability to distinguish between subjective experience and reality

hallucinations 
delusions
disordered form of thought 
thought interference 
lack of insight 
feelings of passivity 
ideas of reference
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4
Q

what are hallucinations

A

a perception in the absence of a stimulus

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5
Q

what is a delusion? what is the difference between primary and secondary?

A

a fixed, falsely held belief

Primary = arrived fully formed without need for explanation
Secondary = attempt to explain abnormal experiences
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6
Q

what is thought insertion

A

thoughts are being put into my head. they don’t belong to me

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7
Q

what is thought withdrawal

A

they take my thoughts out of my head

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8
Q

what is thought broadcasting

A

everyone knows what I’m thinking

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9
Q

what is thought blocking

A

I get halfway through thinking and my thoughts dry up

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10
Q

what is feeling of passivity

A

being controlled by someone other than them

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11
Q

what are ideas of reference

A

innocuos or coincidental events ascribed to significance by the patient

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12
Q

what are the types of schizophrenia

A

paranoid
hebephrenic = excessive frivolity
catatonic = movement disorder (rare)

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13
Q

what is persistent delusional disorder

A

systematised, fixed delusion are major or only feature

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14
Q

what is acute/transient psychotic disorder

A

schizophrenia-like symptoms <1 month

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15
Q

what are the symptoms schizophrenia

A 
delusions - persecutory, grandiose
auditory hallucinations, usually 3rd person 
thought interference
passivity 
neologism = making up own words
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16
Q

what would you expect to see on MRI of schizophrenia

A

reduced frontal lobe volume and grey matter

enlarged lateral ventricle volume

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17
Q

what is delirium

A

impaired consciousness with intrusive abnormalities or perception and affect

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18
Q

what are the symptoms of delirium

A

rapid onset, transient and fluctuating

impaired consciousness
disturbance of cognition
psychomotor disturbance
emotional disturbance

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19
Q

what is the standard treatment of delirium

A

antipsychotics - haloperidol

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20
Q

when would haloperidol not be used in the treatment of delirium? what would be used instead?

A

parkinsons, lewy body dementia

use lorazepam

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21
Q

what is personality? what is it made of?

A

A cluster of relatively predictable patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is generally consistent across time, space, and context.

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
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22
Q

what is a personality disorder

A

enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviours that deviated markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture

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23
Q

how does a personality disorder manifest

A

2 or more of:

Cognition (i.e. ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events).
Affectivity (i.e. the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response).
Interpersonal functioning.
Impulse control

24
Q

what is paranoid personality disorder

A

a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, interpreting their motives as malevolent

25
Q

whats schizoid personality disorder

A

a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expressions of emotions in interpersonal settings

26
Q

what is discoidal/antisocial personality disorder

A

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violating the rights of others

27
Q

what is emotional unstable personality disorder

A

a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and marked impulsivity

28
Q

what is histrionic personality disorder

A

a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

29
Q

what is anankastic personality disorder

A

perfectionism + stubbornness

30
Q

what is dependent personality disorder

A

a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour with fears of separation

31
Q

what are the types of emotional unstable personality disorder

A

boderline

impulsive

32
Q

what is the treatment of emotional personality disorder

A

Dialect behavioural therapy (DBT)

33
Q

what are functional symptoms

A

symptoms where you can’t easily associate the symptoms with a classically identifiable organic disease process

34
Q

what is a learning disability

A

condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind which contributes to overall intelligence

35
Q

what is a borderline learning disability

A

IQ = 70+

mental age = 12-15

36
Q

what is a mild learning disability

A

most common, still fully independent

IQ = 50-69
mental age = 9-12

37
Q

what is a moderate learning disability

A

IQ = 35-49

mental age = 6-9

38
Q

what is a severe learning disability

A

IQ =20-34

mental age = 3-6

39
Q

what is a profound learning disability

A

IQ <20

mental age <3

40
Q

what disorders fall under the umbrella of autistic spectrum disorder

A

aspergers syndrome

autism

41
Q

what is the triad of symptoms that define autistic spectrum disorder? what other symptoms might be present?

A

abnormal social interaction
social communication impairment
rigid/restricted/repetitive behaviour, interests and activities

sensory processing difficulties

42
Q

what is ADHD

A

spectrum disorder relating to behaviour

43
Q

what is the neurobiology behind ADHD

A

underactive function of frontal lobe which is responsible for impulse control, reasoning, planning etc

44
Q

what is the triad of symptoms of ADHD? what other symptoms may also be present

A

inattention
hyperactivity
impulsivity

symptoms related to self-regulation

45
Q

what is hazardous drinking

A

pattern of consumption that increases harm

men = 14-50 units weekly 
women = 14-35 units weekly
46
Q

what is harmful drinking

A

pattern of alcohol consumption causing mental or physical harm

men >50 units weekly
women >35 units weekly

47
Q

what is alcohol dependence

A

a cluster of behaviour, cognitive and physiological factors that typically induce a strong desire to drink and difficulties controlling its use

48
Q

what are the 5 criteria for the mental health act

A
  1. likely mental disorder
  2. significantly impaired decision making
  3. treatment required
  4. significant risk
  5. informal care not appropriate
49
Q

what is a emergency detention order

A

72hr assessment does NOT authorise treatment

50
Q

what is a short-term detention order

A

up to 28 days for assessment AND/OR treatment

51
Q

what is a compulsory treatment order

A

6 months assessment AND/OR treatment

52
Q

what can be used to authorise treatment of a physical disorder in someone without capacity to consent to that treatment

A

section 47 of the adults with incapacity act

53
Q

what must you able to do to have capacity

A

understand and retain relevant info
use and weigh that info to make decision
communicate that decision

54
Q

from what age is capacity assumed

A

16 and above

55
Q

what must you understand in order to consent to an intervention

A

what the intervention is including nature, purpose, and why it is needed
benefits/risks/alternatives
consequences of not receiving intervention

3rd year (12 decks)

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