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Psych of Addiction > psych of addiction exam 3 > Flashcards

psych of addiction exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Relapse Prevention?

A

Originally designed as a maintenance program for use following the treatment of addictive behaviors.

Also used as a stand alone treatment program

It is a behavioral self-control program designed to teach individuals who are trying to maintain changes in their behaviors how to anticipate and cope with the problem of relapse.

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2
Q

What are Operant foundations?

1.

2.

A

Positive Reinforcement

If after using a substance a person feels..

  • Sexually aroused, more comfortable in social situations, or euphoric
  • This behavior is likely to be repeated

o Negative Reinforcement
If substance use…
• Reduces anxiety, tension, stress, or depression
• The behavior is like to be repeated

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3
Q

What is meant by slip and lapses are both opportunities for learning and potentially very dangerous?

A

Slips are meant by the resumption of substance use which is to be expected and how the person processes it.

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4
Q

What is Abstinence Violation Effect?

A

When an individual has a slip or lapse after committing to abstinence. This can lead to a sense that they have lost control of their drug and alcohol use. Leading to a form of cognitive dissonance.

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5
Q

What is Decisional Balance?

A

Positives of Drug Use

o Immediate physical pleasure (10)
o Escape/Feeling more “there” (10)
o Feels more emotion (10)
o Reduces social anxiety (6)
o Shuts out critic (7)
o People will know “real” self (7)

Negatives of Drug Use

o Feels guilty (7)
o Others are concerned (6)
o Not as productive (10)
o Feels like it a crutch (10)
o Feels bad (7)
o Health Problems (7)

Positives of Recovery

o Feel a greater sense self discipline (9)
o Would be more productive (10)
o Help him be more comfortable with self (8)
o Greater confidence (6)

Negatives of Recovery

o Would not enjoy life as much (9)
o Would be ignoring a part of himself (10)
o Breaking up with something he loves – a hard breakup (9)

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6
Q

What is Euphoric Recall?

A

Euphoric recall is when an addict remembers all the positive experiences associated with their addiction rather than the negative experiences.

After a client has been abstinent for some period of time fantasies about the future use may be influenced by memories of the positives effects of past use. This creates a shift in attitudes and beliefs. May provide a motivating force leading to the resumption of drinking or drug use.

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7
Q

What is attribution theory?

A
  • Clients are taught to attribute lapses to
  • Specific
  • Predictable
  • Potentially controllable events
  • Both internal and external

Rather than to:
• Personal failings
• Character flaws

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8
Q

What are the 7 high risk factors for a relapse?

A
  1. Negative Emotional states
  2. Negative physical-physiological states
  3. Enhancement of positive emotional states
  4. Peer pressure
  5. Testing personal control
  6. Giving in to temptations or urges
  7. Interpersonal conflict
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9
Q

What are the 6 treatment techniques?

A

Understanding personal use pattern and high-risk situations and experiences

Increasing motivation

Craving Cues- Understanding the nature of cravings and urges

Cognitive restructuring

Developing an emergency plan- what do you do if you have a slip or are in a high risk situation

Assertiveness- drink and drug refusal skills

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10
Q

What are 3 Amphetamines?

A

Methamphetamine

Benzedrine

Dexedrine

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11
Q

What can taking METHAMPHETAMINE cause?

A
  1. Hypersexuality- increased risk for HIV and Hepatitis C
  2. Psychosis- specifically “Tweaking”

• The most dangerous stage of methamphetamine abuse occurs when an abuser has not slept in 3-15 days and is irritable and paranoid. This behavior is referred to as “tweaking,” and the user is known as the “tweaker.” The tweaker craves more methamphetamine, but it is difficult to achieve the original high, causing frustration and unstable behavior in the user. Because of the tweaker’s unpredictability, there have been reports that they can react violently, which can lead to involvement in domestic disputes, spur-of-the-moment crimes, or motor vehicle accidents.

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12
Q

Why do Adolescents do drugs?

A
  1. Novelty-seeking
  2. risk taking
  3. Pre-frontal cortex
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13
Q

What are 2 prevention methods or goals for adolescents?

A
  • Delaying the initial use of the gateway drugs cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana
  • Reducing the amount of use during ages 18-20
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14
Q

What are boot camps?

A

• Boot camps are military-style, semi-penal institutions that use discipline, military exercises, and rigorous physical training to “break” a defiant adolescent and supposedly return home a “good soldier” who will obey authority, follow rules, and improve behavior at home and school.

* These have not been effective in the treatment of substance disorders

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15
Q

What are the 2 places of origin of Harm Reduction?

A
  1. The Netherlands
  2. Liverpool, England
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16
Q

What are the 3 main categories of harm reduction interventions and give an example of each?

A

1. Staying Alive

2. Maintaining health

3. Getting better

  • Staying Alive
  • 1: Overdose and safe injection information
  • 2: Naloxone distribution for overdose prevention
  • 3: Earlier liquor store hours- Prevent non-beverage alcohol consumption
  • 4: safety glassware in bars/ Prevent Injury During Fights
  • 5: designated driver

• Maintaining Health
• Ex 1: needle/ syringe exchange (prevention model)
• Ex 2: safer injection information
• Ex 3: safer crack-smoking kit
• Ex 4: heroin maintenance
• Ex 5: Adding thiamine to alcoholic beverages/ Prevent vitamin B1 deficiency

• Getting Better
• Ex 1: pharmacological treatments- Buprenorphine-naloxone treatment, Naltrexone and/or Acamprosate for alcohol problems, standard treatments
• Ex 2: contingency management/ positive reinforcement (approaches based on gradual use reduction)
• Ex 3: motivational interviewing
• Ex 4: harm reduction psychotherapy

17
Q

What is substance use management?

A

o Working with individuals to change the amount, method,

frequency,

types of drugs they use as a way to keep them safer while they are using (route of administration).

Planning use,

making drug substitutions,

taking overdose prevention measures

and quitting altogether.

18
Q

o The six main experiential outcomes from the use of LSD in the 60’s and 70’s

  • Some had experience of profoundly positive experiences of intoxication
  • Some deeply religious/ spiritual experiences
  • Some were inspired to create works of art
  • Some had deeply frightening and panic-inducing experiences
  • Some developed flashbacks or problems with re-experiencing the LSD trip
  • Some triggered underlying vulnerabilities and became psychotic/ schizophrenic

what type of drugs were used to get this outcome?

A

Hallucinagens and Entheogens

19
Q

What is a cue reponse?

A

o Stimuli that were originally neutral
o Become triggers for alcohol/drug use or cravings
o Develops out of the repeated association between the stimuli and the alcohol/drug use
o Triggers may be external
o Objects in the environment, settings, locations, people
o Triggers may be internal
o Thoughts, emotions, physiological changes

20
Q

Give the term for the following:

o Immediate physical pleasure (10)
o Escape/Feeling more “there” (10)
o Feels more emotion (10)
o Reduces social anxiety (6)
o Shuts out critic (7)
o People will know “real” self (7)

A

Positives of Drug Use

21
Q

Give the following term:

o Feels guilty (7)
o Others are concerned (6)
o Not as productive (10)
o Feels like it a crutch (10)
o Feels bad (7)
o Health Problems (7)

A

Negatives of Drug Use

22
Q

Give the following term:

o Feel a greater sense self discipline (9)
o Would be more productive (10)
o Help him be more comfortable with self (8)
o Greater confidence (6)

A

Positives of recovery

23
Q

Give the following term:

o Would not enjoy life as much (9)
o Would be ignoring a part of himself (10)
o Breaking up with something he loves – a hard breakup (9)

A

Negatives of Recoveries

24
Q

What are the 6 main experiential outcomes from the use of LSD in the 60’s and 70’s?

A
  1. Some had experienced of profoundly positive experiences of intoxication
  2. deeply religious experiences
  3. inspired to create works of art
  4. Deeply frightening and panic-inducing experiences
  5. developed flashbacks or problems with experiencing the LSD trip
  6. triggered underlying vulnerabilities and became psychotic

Psych of Addiction (2 decks)

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