Psych Midterm 2 Flashcards
(116 cards)
What are the big issues talked about in developmental psychology
Nurture vs. nature
Change and stability over lifespan
Continuity vs. stages over lifespan
Conception
Fertilization of an egg by a sperm
Embryo
About 2 weeks after fertilization, forms into an embryo
Fetus
At about 9 weeks, hands and face start to develop
At about _ months, a fetus can survive outside of the womb if born prematurely
6
Teratogens
Substances that can damage the developing fetus (e.g., alcohol, chemicals, drugs)
Learning
Newborns prefer the sound of their mothers voice and native language which suggests they have an understanding while still in the womb
Newborns have several innate skills… what are they?
Rooting reflex
Sucking reflex
Crying when hungry
Babies also prefer looking at “_____”
faces
Schemas change due to____________ (absorbing new information into existing schemas)
assimilation
Schemas change due to____________ (adjusting old schemas or developing new ones to better fit with new information)
accommodation
Jean Piaget:_________
Development is shaped by the errors we make and we create schemas to organize information about our surroundings
Sensorimotor
birth - 2 years): Experiencing the world through senses and actions
Object permanence is developed
Properational
(2-7 years): Representing things with words and images, using intuitive rather than logical reasoning
Pretend play, egocentrism (inability to put oneself into others’ shoes)
Concrete operational
(7-11 years): Thinking logically about concrete events, grasping concrete analogies and performing mathematical operations
Understand conservation and basic mathematical concepts
Formal operational
(12-adulthood): Can comprehend abstract logic
Abstract reasoning, mature moral reasoning
There are 3 types of attachment a child can have, what are they?
Secure, Avoidance, Anxious
Secure
Explores their environment happily when the mother is present, shows distress when the mother leaves, they seek comfort in their mother when she returns, and they are able to be calmed
Avoidant
Indifferent to the mother being there, leaving, and when she returns
Anxious
Cling to their mothers, explore less while the mother is in the room, very distressed when she leaves, and is very upset even when she returns
Egocentric
Cannot take another person’s perspective or point of view
Theory of Mind
The ability to take another’s perspective and to infer others’ mental states.
Authoritarian
(Coercive)
Parents impose rules “because I said so”
and expect obedience.
Permissive
(Unrestraining)
Parents submit to kids’ desires, not enforcing
limits or standards for child behavior.