Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 111 > Psych Midterm #2 > Flashcards

Psych Midterm #2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Intelligence

A

One’s cognitive capability to acquire, process, recall, and apply info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of intelligence?

A

Fluid, crystallized, and emotional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fluid

A

Ability to think on your feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Crystallized

A

Ability to use language, skills, experience to address problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emotional

A

Accurately understand emotions in yourself and in others. (Label and identify them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Binet-Simon IQ test

A

Looks at your mental age/chronological age x100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

A

More modern, and tests a wider range of abilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the problems with IQ test measurements?

A

Flynn effect: New groups outperform old groups that scores were previously considered “normal” on IQ tests.
Also they may not accurately measure across cultures, economic backgrounds, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a stereotype threat

A

The knowledge that a particular stereotype applies to you and it then affects your performance. (“People who look like you do worse on tests”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 types of problem-solving?

A
  • Heuristics (Educated guesses, rule of thumb, narrows down possible solutions)
  • Working backward
  • Insight (aha!)
  • Creativity (Combining ideas or behaviors in new ways)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some problems with problem solving?

A

Functional fixedness, Mental set, and confirmation bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functional fixedness

A

Thinking only of typical functions of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mental set

A

Persists in patterns that have worked in the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Searching for evidence to support your idea while ignoring everything else.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is learning?

A

Any relatively permanent change in behavior comes by experience or practice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different types of learning?

A

Implicit learning, habituation, sensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Implicit learning

A

Changes in behavior even though you never intended to learn something. Is also nonassociative learning, which is a single repeated exposure that leads to behavior change. Is often seen in animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Habituation

A

Becoming less responsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sensitization

A

Becoming more responsive to something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some principles of effective learning?

A

Forgetting, metacognition, and transfer-appropriate processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Forgetting

A

Updating knowledge and forgetting the wrong way to do something.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Proactive interference:

A

Cannot learn something new because of something you have already learned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Retroactive interference

A

Forgetting something you learned because of something new you learned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Metacognition

A

Monitoring your own learning and memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Transfer-appropriate processes

A

Memory works better when retrieval is similar to the encoding process (studying classical music for the music room)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Masses Practice v. Distributed practice

A

Massed means it’s all enclosed together. Distributed is learning that takes place over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Classical conditioning

A

You pair two stimuli until the first stimulus elicits a response of the second stimulus. (Dogs and bells and droll)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Conditioned Stimulus/response

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Unconditional stimulus/response

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Operant conditioning

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Primary reinforcers

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Secondary reinforcers

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Negative reinforcers

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Punishment by application and removal

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Encoding

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Engrams/memory traces

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Encoding specificity principle

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Transfer appropriate processing

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hindsight bias

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Misinformation effect

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Storage

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Retrival

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Serial position effect

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Sensory

A
  • Iconic
    Eidetic
  • Echoic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Short term + long term memory

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Episodic

A

Events in a particular time and place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Semantic

A

Permanent storage of general knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Flashbulb

A

Automatic encoding happens when an unexpected event has a strong emotional association to you.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Retrograde v. Anterograde amnesia

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Misinformation effect

A

Presented with new information that affects your memory.

52
Q

False memories

A

People come up with memories that never occurred at all.

53
Q

Photo spreads

A

Police show lineup with initial suspect and people who are known to be innocent (foils)

54
Q

Schemata

A

Memory template created through repeated exposure to a particular class of objects or events.

55
Q

Consciousness

A

An awareness of what is going on around you
- Waking: clear organized
- Altered: Shift in quality or pattern of mental activity, difference from waking consciousness.

56
Q

Low Awareness

A

Cues: sweating with snakes
Priming: Activation of certain thoughts that make them easier to think of and act on, cultural rules.
You can most easily influence someone in low awareness (hypnosis)

57
Q

High awareness

A

More control of their own thoughts (mindfulness)

58
Q

Freud’s theory of consciousness

A

Memories and basic motivations are not always accessible to our conscious minds.

59
Q

Hypnosis

A

Dissociation (a separation from our awareness)
Hypnotherapy (a form of therapy to help someone. Used in addiction and pain reduction)

60
Q

Hallocinogens

A
61
Q

Depressants

A
62
Q

Stimulants

A
63
Q

What are some of the effects of a decline in sleep? (risk in obseity)

A
64
Q

Do sleep amount and time matter?

A

YES.

65
Q

Insomnia

A
66
Q

Sleep Apnea

A
67
Q

Narcolepsy

A
68
Q

Night Terrors

A
69
Q

REM Behavior disorder

A
70
Q

N1 (theta waves)

A
71
Q

N2 (theta waves)

A
72
Q

N3 (delta waves)

A
73
Q

REM stage

A
74
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

There are two types: State and trait dissociation.

75
Q

State dissociation

A

A temporary symptom. Lasting only a view minutes or hours.

76
Q

Trait dissociation

A

An integral aspect of personality. It’s a part of you.

77
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Extensive forgetting typically associated with highly aversive events. (Getting helped at gunpoint, but you can’t remember any other events of that day)

78
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

Short-lived reversible amnesia for personal identity, involving unplanned travel or wandering.

79
Q

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

Feeling as though you are an outside observer of your own body.

80
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Experiencing two or more distinct identities that recurrently take control of your behavior.

81
Q

What are the areas of study in social psychology?

A

Attraction, attitudes, peace and conflict, social influence, and social cognition.

82
Q

Where does social psychology fit in the levels of analysis?

A

It uses all levels, but usually falls into the higher levels. (culture.environment, relationships/groups, behavior, thoughts/feelings/perceptions)

83
Q

Social categorizations

A
84
Q

Stereotypes

A
85
Q

Implicit personality theory

A
86
Q

Situational Cause

A
87
Q

Dispositional cause

A
88
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A
89
Q

Actor-observer bias

A
90
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Sense of discomfort or distress when your behaviors do not correspond with your attitudes

91
Q

ABC model of attitudes

A

Affective component (emotions and feelings)
Behavior component (actions)
Cognitive component (thoughts, thought processes)

92
Q

Conformity

A
93
Q

Normative social influence

A
94
Q

Informational social influence

A
95
Q

Obedience

A
96
Q

Social facilitation

A
97
Q

Social impairment

A
98
Q

Social loafing

A
99
Q

Groupthink

A
100
Q

Group polarization

A
101
Q

Central persuasion

A

Direct, relevant, logical messages.

102
Q

Peripheral persuasion

A
103
Q

Testimonials and endorsements

A
104
Q

Presenting message as education

A
105
Q

Word of mouth

A
106
Q

The Maven

A
107
Q

Free gifts

A
108
Q

Reciprocity

A
109
Q

Social proof

A
110
Q

And that’s not all

A
111
Q

Sunk cost trap

A
112
Q

carcity

A
113
Q

Foot in the door

A
114
Q

Door in the face

A
115
Q

Triad of trustworthiness

A

Authority (parents, teachers, doctors)
Honesty (moral dimension of trustworthiness)
Likability (if we like you, we are forgiving)

116
Q

Fixed action patterns

A

Sequences of behavior that happen the same way, same order, every time they’re elicited.

117
Q

Stereotyping/stereotype content model

A
118
Q

Prejudice

A
119
Q

Discrimination

A
120
Q

Difference between stereotype threat and self-fulfilling prophecy

A
121
Q

Blatant bias (social dominance orientation)

A
122
Q

Subtle biases (implicit association tests)

A
123
Q

Agression

A
124
Q

What are some causes of aggression?

A
125
Q

Relational aggression

A

Intentionally harming another person’s social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group.

126
Q

Hostile Perception Bias

A

The tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive.

Psych 111 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions