Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Psych general > Flashcards

Psych general Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Cocktail party phenomenon

A

Paying attention to one thing at a party but hear name called from another person there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Divided attention

A

Ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time (attention is divided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Automatic processing

A

Can perform familiar tasks with this…don’t need to focus full attention on task. But it doesn’t allow for rapid response to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Selective attention

A

Focusing on part of sensorium and ignoring another (cocktail party phenomenon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Creates cohesive image before knowing what it is. See all of the features (by parallel processing and feature detection) before knowing what it actually is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Top-down processing

A

Recognize whole object and then recognize components based on expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Perceptual organization

A

Ability to use top-down and bottom-up processing in tandem- need this to see complete image. Most objects are incomplete so infer from depth, form, motion, consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gestalt principles

A

Ways for brain to infer missing parts of object

  • law of Proximity
  • law of similarity
  • law of good continuation
  • subjective contours
  • law of closure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Law of proximity

A

Gestalt. Objects close together are perceived as one. Ex: see a square when 4 circles grouped together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Law of similarity

A

Gestalt. Similar objects tend to be group together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Law of good continuation

A

Gestalt. Elements that follow same path tend to be grouped together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Subjective contours

A

Gestalt. See shapes that aren’t actually there in stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Law of closure

A

Gestalt. When space is enclosed by contour, it is seen as a complete figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Controlled processing

A

Effortful memorization, with practice can become automatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Repetition of piece of info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mnemonics

A

Phrases that stand for info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Method of loci

A

Associating object with location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Peg-word

A

Associating object with number that rhymes with object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chunking

A

Clustering elements together (letters into words)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sensory memory

A

Last for about 1 sec. What you see (iconic) and hear (auditory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Short-term memory

A

Lasts for 30 sec. Limited in capacity, 7+/- 2 rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Working memory

A

Let’s us keep info in our consciousness and manipulate it (let’s us do math)

23
Q

Long term memory

A

Limitless capacity and duration. Elaborative rehearsal. 2 types: implicit and explicit

24
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

Association of info with knowledge that is already stored in long term memory

25
Q

Implicit memory

A

Type of long term. Unconscious. Procedural (skills) falls under this category

26
Q

Explicit memory

A

Category of long term. Conscious. Episodic (events) and semantic fall under it (facts)

27
Q

Semantic network

A

Concepts linked together based on similarity

28
Q

Spreading activation

A

When one part of semantic network is activated, the other linked concepts around it are unconsciously activated

29
Q

Retrieval

A

Demonstrating that something was learned and retained

30
Q

Recall

A

Retrieval and statement of previously learned info

31
Q

Recognition

A

Identifying piece of info that was previously learned

32
Q

Relearning

A

Learning it again after amount of time. Longer time, better able to remember it (spacing effect). Easier second time

33
Q

Priming

A

Recall is added by first being presented with word or phrase that is close to semantic memory

34
Q

Context effect

A

Retrieval cue. Memory is asked by being in physical place where memory was encoded

35
Q

State-dependent memory

A

Retrieval cue. Remember better when feeling same as you where when encoding memory

36
Q

Serial position effect

A

Retrieval cue appears while learning lists. Primacy effect is tendency to remember first things and recency effect is tendency to remember later things

37
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Retrograde amnesia. Progressive dementia (loss of cognitive function). Sun downing: increase in dysfunction at night. Shrinkage of hippocampus and cortex

38
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

Retrograde and anterograde amnesia. Confabulation: creating vivid but fabricated memories

39
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize objects

40
Q

Interference

A

Retrieval error caused by existence of other similar info.

41
Q

Proactive interference

A

Old memories interfere with making new memories

42
Q

Retroactive interference

A

New memories interference with old memories

43
Q

Misinformation effect

A

Have incorrect memory because provided with false info

44
Q

Source amnesia

A

Remember details but don’t know context in which you learned details (unknown source)

45
Q

Neural plasticity

A

Phenomenon of neural connections forming rapidly in response to stimuli

46
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

Weak neural connections are broken and strong ones are bolstered

47
Q

Long term potentiation

A

Neurons become more efficient with releasing neurotransmitters and at same time the receptor sites at other side of synapse increases which increases receptor density

48
Q

Primary factors that influence motivation

A

Drives (uncomfortable)
Instincts (innate)
Needs (maslows hierarchy of needs)
Arousal (u shaped curve)

49
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs (high to low importance)

A 
Physiological 
Safety
Love/belonging 
Esteem
Self-actualization
50
Q

Opponent process theory

A

Body responds to event with opposite ( so if drug is stimulant, then body will depress you)

51
Q

3 elements of emotion

A

Cognitive response
Physiological response
Behavioral response

52
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

Get physiological response first and then have cognitive response after. So you could say I know I’m angry because my heart is racing

53
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

Physiological response and cognitive response occur simultaneously. “I am scared and my heart is racing….let me get out of here!” Fails to explain the vagus nerve.

54
Q

Schachter-singer theory of emotion

A

Nervous system arousal and cognitive appraisal simultaneously. Then conscious action. “I am excited because my heart is racing. Everyone is happy now”

Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions