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Med Surg (1) > Psych Exam #1 > Flashcards

Psych Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dorthea Dix

A

Reformed mental health treatment; opened 32 state hospitals that offered asylum; advocated for shelter, nutritious food, and warm clothes

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2
Q

Insane Asylums

A

1790s; safe haven or refuge offering protections from institutions where people had been whipped, burned, beaten, and starved due to mental illness

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3
Q

Who created insane asylums?

A

Philippe Pinel and William Turke

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3
Q

First 2 drugs to be developed?

A

Lithium and Chlorpromazine

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3
Q

Psychotropic Drugs

A

Developed in 1950 to treat mental illness

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3
Q

Drugs developed within 10 years of development?

A

MAIOs, Haloperidol, Tricyclics, Antipsychotics, and Benzodiazepines

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4
Q

What was the aim for psychopharmacology

A

decrease agitation, psychotic thinking, depression, shorten hospital stays, discharges to home

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5
Q

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Income (SSDI)

A

Allowed those with mental illness to be more independent financially rather than relying on family (saved the state money)

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6
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Father of psychoanalysis

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7
Q

Sigmund Freud: ID

A

reflects basic or innate desires such as pleasure-seeking behaviors, aggression, and sexual impulses. Seeks gratification, causes impulsive thinking, no regard to rules

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8
Q

Sigmund Freud: Superego

A

reflects morals and ethical concepts, values, parental and social expectations- opposite of ID

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9
Q

Sigmund Freud: Ego

A

balancing or mediating force between ID and Superego; mature and adaptive behavior (anxiety)

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10
Q

Transference

A

Displaced onto the therapist, attitudes, and feelings that the client experienced in other relationships (automatic and unconscious)

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11
Q

Countertransference

A

The Therapist displaces onto client from past

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12
Q

Erikson’s Development

A

Trust vs. Mistrust (infant);
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (toddler);
Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool);
Industry vs. Inferiority (school age); Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescent); Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adult); Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult); Ego integrity vs. Despair (maturity)

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13
Q

Orientation Phase

A

Directed by nurse, involves engaging the patient in treatment, provides information, answers questions

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14
Q

Identification Phase

A

Begins when the patient works independently with the nurse, expresses feelings, feels stronger

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15
Q

Exploitation Phase

A

The patient will make full use of the services offered

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16
Q

Resolution Phase

A

Patient no longer needs professional services and gives up dependent behavior

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17
Q

Agonist

A

Increases effects of neurotransmitter
Encourages molecules to bind to that receptor
AKA: copycats because they mimic neurotransmitters

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18
Q

Antagonist

A

Block something from happening and reduce normal effects

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19
Q

4 Components of the Brain Stem

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Nuclei CN III-XII

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20
Q

Serotonin

A

An important role in anxiety, mood disorders, and schizophrenia which is associated with delusions and hallucinations
*some antidepressants block serotonin reuptake

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21
Q

Efficacy

A

Maximal therapeutic effect that drug can achieve

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22
Q

Potency

A

The amount of drug needed to achieve the maximum effect

23
Q

Tolerance

A

A gradual decrease in the action of a drug at a given time

24
Q

Half-Life

A

Time it takes for half of the drug to be removed from the bloodstream
- Short half-life requires frequent dosing
- when drug is d/c it is 5 times its half-life to leave body

25
Q

Toxicity

A

The point at which concentrations of the drug in the bloodstream are high enough to become harmful or poisonous to the body

26
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

The ratio of the maximum nontoxic dose to the minimum effective dose

27
Q

Off-Label Use

A

Drug that is used for a disease that differs from the one involved in the original testing and FDA approval

28
Q

Black Box Warning

A

When a drug has serious life-threatening side effects, even if they are rare
*warning in box

29
Q

Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy

A

Required by the FGA if the drug has serious SE
*specific actions and safe guards are also required to govern the use of these drugs

30
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A

Potentially fatal reactions to antipsychotics usually occurs within the first 2 weeks or after increase

31
Q

S/S of NMS

A

Rigidity, High fever, Autonomic Instability (BP/ Diaphoresis/Pallor), Delirium
*often present as confused, mute, fluctuate between agitation and stupor

32
Q

Risk Factors of NMS

A

Dehydration, Poor nutrition, Concurrent medical illness

33
Q

Treatment of NMS

A

Stop antipsychotic and provide supportive care

34
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)

A

Permanent involuntary movements commonly caused by long-term use of antipsychotics
*irreversible

35
Q

S/S of TD

A

Involuntary movement of the tongue, facial and neck muscles, upper and lower extremities, grimacing

36
Q

Treatment and Goals of TD

A

Administer vesicular monoamine transporter 2; prevention is key and keeping dosage low

37
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale

A

Standardized assessment tool to monitor for TD

38
Q

Clozapine

A

Antipsychotic Med; produces few traditional side effects, has potentially fatal side effect of agranulocytosis; Develops suddenly with fever, malaise, sore throat, leukopenia
*Required to have weekly WBC and ANC x 6mon, then every 2 weeks x 6mon, then q4weeks

39
Q

MAOI

A

Anti-Depressive (1950s; Caution with Hypertensive Crisis (Decrease Tyramine); Makes chemicals available in the brain that are decreased by enzyme; Side effects include sedation, insomnia, weight gain, dry mouth

40
Q

Lithium

A

First Line agent in bipolar
normalizes reuptake of serotonin, norepi, acetylcholine, dopamine
- can be harmful to kidneys
SE: Nausea, hand tremors, diarrhea, anorexia, polydipsia, metallic taste

41
Q

Normal Lithium

A

0.6-.12 mEq/L; levels above 1.5= toxic

42
Q

S/S Lithium Toxicity

A

Severe Diarrhea, Vomiting, Drowsiness, Muscle Weakness, Lack of Coordination

43
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Treatment of anxiety, insomnia, OCD, depression, PTSD, alcohol withdrawal
(benzodiazepines- GABA)
*Addictive

44
Q

Anxiolytics Time Frame of Usage

A

No longer than 6 weeks at a time

45
Q

Side Effects of Anxiolytics

A

Dependence, CNS Depression, Tolerance, Hangover Effects

46
Q

Examples of Anxiolytics

A

Benzodiazepines:
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

47
Q

Inpatient Hospital Stay

A

Rapid Assessment; Stabilize Symptoms; Discharge Planning
*goals completed quick
*client-centered

48
Q

Short Stay

A

Short term Care that quickly stabilize and are discharged

49
Q

Long Term Care

A

Patients unable to be stabilized quickly and require additional treatment
*home like care

50
Q

Clubhouse Model

A

Community based rehab that assists patients with daytime work, maintenance, support

51
Q

Residential Settings

A

Patients that require more structure with supervision and specific services (many variety options)

52
Q

Transitional Housing

A

Type of residential setting that allows patients to progress to independent living

53
Q

Adult Foster Care

A

Type of residential setting; 1-3 clients in a family atmosphere which includes meals and social activities

54
Q

Half Way House

A

Type of residential setting that temporarily placement that provides support as client prepares for independence

54
Q

Group Homes

A

Type of residential setting that includes 6-10 residents who take turns cooking, and doing chores with some supervision (1-2 staff members)

55
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

A

Aaron Beck; focuses on faulty thinking resulting in distress and/or problems
*therapist helps the patient be their own therapist

56
Q

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy

A

Aaron Beck; CBT is designed to treat clients with borderline personality disorders who are chronically suicidal
*clients learn mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotional regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness

57
Q

Free Association

A

An attempt to uncover the client’s true thoughts and feelings by saying a word and asking the client to respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind

Med Surg (1) (4 decks)

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