Psych Chapter 5 Flashcards
Culture
refers to the behavior patterns, beliefs, traditions and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.
Culture pt. 2
What happens in other cultures is believed to be âunnatural and incorrectâ.
Consequently they tend to behave in ways that favor their cultural group and feel hostility toward other cultural groups
Sociocultural diversity
Culture and ethnicity:
Culture
Bilingualism
Ethnicity
SES
Individualistic
- Gives priority to personal goals rather than group goals
- Values include feeling good, personal distinction
- Fosters independence
Collectivistic
- Values that support the group; personal goals overridden to preserve the groupâs integrity
- Encourages interdependence of group members
*Supports harmonious
relationships
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
The grouping of people according to their economic, educational, and occupational characteristics
requires strategies that address issues such as: discipline, motivation, parent involvement, mentoring, and the untapped knowledge these students can access.
Children in poverty
Of the 17.4% of U.S. children who live in poverty:
*50% live in African American households
*40% live in Latino households
Poor schools
Old, poorly maintained buildings
*Less experienced, young teachers
*More rote learning instead of improving thinking skills
*Environments not conducive to learning
Poor students
Greater adversity at home & school
*Less cognitively stimulating home environments
*Lower achievement scores
*Lower graduation rates
*Lower % college bound
Ethnicity
refers to a shared pattern of characteristics such as cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language
Ethnicity - disproportionality
By 2025 nearly 50% of school-aged children will be children of color
1/3 of African American and Latino students attend schools where 90% of students are from minority groups
*African American and Latino students are much less likely than White or Asian American students to be enrolled in college prep
Prejudice
An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual because of his/her membership in a group.
Discrimination
An unjustified, negative or harmful action toward a member of a group because the person belongs to that group.
Multicultural education
Empowering students
Culturally relevant teaching
Issues-centered education
Improving
Relationships Among Children from Different Ethnic Groups
Multicultural classroom
Staff are passionate and have high expectations for ALL students
*Curriculum presents diverse cultural perspectives
*Instructional materials represent diverse backgrounds and experiences
*Hidden curriculum reflects positive aspects of diversity
*Counseling challenges students to dream and achieve
Social justice: core value of multicultural
Equity Pedagogy - refers to modifications to the teaching process to incorporate materials and learning strategies appropriate to boys and girls and for various ethic groups.
Prejudice Reduction â refers to activities teachers can implement in the classroom to eliminate negative and stereotypical views of others.
Gender
refers to the sociocultural dimensions of being female or male, not biological
Gender roles
Social expectations that prescribe how males and females should think, act, and feel.
Gender typing
Process by which children acquire what are culturally appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
View on gender development
Biological hormones
Cognitive
Social
Gender schema theory
Gender-typing emerges as children gradually develop gender schemas about what is gender-appropriate and what is gender-inappropriate in their culture.
âChildren are internally motivated to perceive the world and act in accordance with their developed schema.
Androgyny
the presence of masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person
Sandra Bem
androgynous individuals are more flexible, competent, and mentally healthy than masculine or feminine individuals
Sexual harassment
Quid Pro Quo-Equal Exchange
School employee threatens to base an education decision (grades) on a studentâs submission to unwelcome sexual conduct.
Hostile Environment
A student is subjected
to unwelcome sexual
conduct that is so severe, persistent, and pervasive that it limits the studentâs ability to benefit from his or her education
The culture of poverty
The extent to which a student experiences a lack or is without the following resources:
-Financial -Emotional
-Physical -Spiritual
-Mental/Cognitive -Support Systems
-Hidden Rules
-Relationships/Role Models
-Language/Formal Register
Generational poverty
Being in poverty for two generations or longer
Situational poverty
Middle class values
Exists for a shorter time
Is caused by circumstances like death, illness, divorce
Hidden rules
unspoken cues and habits of a group
middle class rules
Schools and business operate from middle class norms.
â These middle class norms are not taught in schools
â We must understand our studentâs hidden rules and teach them the middle class rules in order to faciltate success
Hidden rules - education
Poverty: Valued/revered as abstract
Not a reality
Middle Class: Crucial for success &
making money
Wealthy: Necessary tradition for making and maintaining connections
hidden rules - discipline
Poverty: Penance/forgiveness
NOT change
Middle Class: Changing behavior
Self Governing
Hidden rules - motivation
Poverty: Survival, entertainment, Relationships
Middle Class: Work, achievement
Wealthy: Financial, political, social connections
hidden rules - money
Poverty: To be used/spent
Middle Class: To be managed/saved
Wealthy: To be conserved and invested.
Psychological outcomes
Greater risk of behavioral/emotional problems
âȘImpulsiveness
âȘRelationship problems
âȘAggression
âȘADHD
âȘConduct Disorder
âȘAnxiety, depression, low self esteem
âȘLow self efficacy
