psych buzzwords Flashcards
third person auditory hallucinations
schizophrenia
mesocortical dopamine hypoactivity
negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia
subcortical dopamine hyperactivity
psychosis
dopamine pathway associated with prolactin release
tuberoinfundibular
dopamine pathway associated with extrapyramidal motor movements
nigrostriatal
dopamine pathway associated with motivation and reward
mesocortical or mesolimbic
dopamine pathway affected in schizophrenia
mesocortical aka mesolimbic
clozapine side effects
weight gain
agranulocytosis
which antipsychotic causes the most weight gain
olanzapine
limbic system functions
motivation memory olfaction visceral afferents emotion
reduced frontal lobe volume (and grey matter)
enlarged lateral ventricles
reduced grey matter in temporal cortex
schizophrenia
varied ideas in abundance
pressure of thought
lack/absence of thought
poverty go thought
abrupt and complete interruption of stream
thought blocking
brain structure involved in normal response to threat
amygdala
brain structure that ‘dampens down’ amygdala response to threat
pre-frontal cortex
beck’s triad
negative feelings about self, work and future
egosyntonic
behaviour, values, feelings that are in harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one’s ideal self image
egodystonic
thoughts and behaviours that are in conflict with the needs and goals of the ego, or in conflict with a person’s ideal self-image
tayside 1st line tranquillisation
oral lorazepam and/or haloperidol
step up if unsuccessful or effect required in 30 mins
tayside 2nd line tranquillisation
IM lorazepam
repeat in 30 mins if needed
what type of aphasia is associated with wernicke’s area
receptive
what type of aphasia is associated with boca’s area
expressive
neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques
alzheimers
deficiency of thiamine causes
wernickes encephalopathy
ophthalmoplegia
ataxia
acute confusion
wernicke’s
confabulation and anterograde amnesia
Korsakoff’s
slow movement
frequent falls
visual hallucinations
dementia
Lewy body dementia
1st line in levy body dementia
rivastigmine
fluency and language most affected in which dementia
frontotemporal lobe dementia
patients should be reassessed how long after starting antidepressants
2 weeks
first line antidepressant
SSRI
SSRIs for anxiety
citalopram and sertraline
SSRI for OCD
fluoxetine
antidepressant that is good for insomnia
mirtazapine
paroxetine if breastfeeding
minumum effective antidepressant course
6 months
if stopped before refractory depression is harder to manage
how do beta blockers help in anxiety
control physical symptoms
beta blockers are contraindicated in…
asthmatics
what checks should be done before starting beta blocker
HR and BP
if low can cause dizziness/falls
what happens in serotonin syndrome
can’t regulate temperature and BP
muscle breakdown
neuro symptoms
affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal
serotonin
linked to depression only
serotonin
influences movement, learning, attention and emotion
dopamine
oversupply leads to schizophrenia
dopamine
undersupply linked to tremors, reduced mobility and ADHD
dopamine
enable action, learning and memory
ACh
neurones that produces this neurotransmitter degenerate in Alzheimer’s
ACh
undersupply leads to depressed mood and ADHD
ACh
main inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
undersupply leads to seizures, tremors and insomnia
GABA
major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory
glutamate
oversupply can lead to migraines or seizures
glutamate
inducers of CyP450 have what effect on drug metabolism
reduce level of CyP450 metabolised drugs
reduce efficacy
examples of enzyme inducers
antiepileptics
st john’s wort
rifampicin
tobacco
inhibitor of CyP450 have what effect on drug metabolism
increased levels of CyP450 metabolised drugs
can cause overdose
examples of enzyme inhibitors
macrolide antibiotics oral antifungals grapefruit juice diltiazem, verapamil fluoxetine, paroxetine amiodarone
drugs that can be affected by inducers/inhibitors
sex hormones/contraception warfarin caffeine antipsychotics (clozapine, haloperidol, risperidone) theophylline statins CCBs, ARBs
which neurotransmitter is thought to cause low motivation and concentration
dopamine
what type of hallucinations are common in depression
auditory
lack of which neurotransmitter is thought to be associated with fatigue and hypersomnia
noradrenaline
lateral ventricular volume is increased/decreased in bipolar
increased
MoCA >26/30
normal
