Psych Flashcards
What is ADHD?
Condition incorporating features relating to inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that are persistent
What are the sub-types of symptoms for ADHD?
Inattention
Hyperactivity/impulsivity
When are most children diagnosed with ADHD?
Between 3 and 7
What are the symptoms of ADHD?
Inattention
Fail to pay close attention to details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork
Have trouble staying focused in tasks or play
Appear not to listen, even when spoken to directly
Hyperactivity and impulsivity
Fidget with or tap his or her hands or feet, or squirm in the seat
Have difficulty staying seated in the classroom or in other situations
Be on the go, in constant motion
Run around or climb in situations when it’s not appropriate
How do you diagnose ADHD?
Medical exam
ADHD criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5, published by the American Psychiatric Association
ADHD rating scales to help collect and evaluate information about your child
What is the treatment for ADHD?
Methylphenidates (blocks reuptake of dopamine)
Methylphenidate
Amphetamines (Increase release of dopamine)
Lisdexamfetamine
Dextroamphetamine
What are the side effects of methylphenidate?
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Dyspepsia
- In children, weight and height should be monitored every 6 months
What should you do before starting a child on ADHD medication?
Baseline ECG
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Autism spectrum disorder is a condition related to brain development that impacts how a person perceives and socializes with others, causing problems in social interaction and communication
What 4 seperate disorders does autism spectrum disorder include?
- Autistic disorder (autism)
- Asperger’s disorder
- Childhood disintegrative disorder
- Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
What is the epidemology of autism spectrum disorder?
ASD is three to four times more common in boys than girls.
Around 50% of children with ASD have an intellectual disability
What conditions are associated with autism?
- Fragile X syndrome
- ADHD
- Down’s syndrome
- Muscular dystrophy
- Neurofibromatosis
- Tuberous sclerosis
What are the symptoms of autism?
Impaired social communication and interaction
Repetitive behaviours, interests, and activities
ASD is often associated with intellectual impairment or language impairment.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (35%) and epilepsy (18%) are also commonly seen in children with ASD.
ASD is also associated with a higher head circumference to the brain volume ratio.
When does autism typically develop?
Before the age of 3
How do you diagnose autism?
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Consider assessment for possible autism when a person has: one or more of the following:
- Persistent difficulties in social interaction
- Persistent difficulties in social communication
- Stereotypic (rigid and repetitive) behaviours, resistance to change or restricted interests, and
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One or more of the following:
- Problems in obtaining or sustaining employment or education
- Difficulties in initiating or sustaining social relationships
- Previous or current contact with mental health or learning disability services
- A history of a neurodevelopmental condition (including learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) or mental disorder