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Psych 330 > Psych 330 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Psych 330 Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

False Dichotomy

A

situation presented where two positions appear to be mutually exclusive but really they are not

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2
Q

Falsification

A

testing whether a hypothesis can be tested

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3
Q

Single-blind experiment

A

Participants don’t know if they are in the control group or the experimental group
Used to reduce bias

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4
Q

double-blind experiment

A

Both participants and researchers don’t know if participants are in the control group or the experimental group

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5
Q

What are the Three Big areas of study within social Psychology?

A
  1. Social Thinking
  2. Social Behavior
  3. Social Influence
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6
Q

Compare Social Psych to
Sociology

A

Both study behaviors, but sociology studies them from a group level

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7
Q

Compare Social Psych to
Anthropology

A

Anthros usually focus on one particular culture at a time, have observational methods. Social Psych makes use of experimental methods

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8
Q

Compare Social Psych to
Clinical/Counseling

A

Helps people who have maladaptive or problematic thoughts/behaviors

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9
Q

Compare Social Psych to
Personality

A

study of human strengths, virtues, positive emotions, achievements

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10
Q

Kurt Lewin is know for?

A

The father of social psychology
Famous conclusion: “every person’s behavior is based on the state of the person and at the same time on the environment”

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11
Q

Big Question:
Which is more influential - personality or the environment?

A

Both P and E influence how you act, an interaction between variables.

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12
Q

Big Question:
Are we shaped more by biological factors or by environmental factors?

A

Many psych believe comparing them creates false dichotomy

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13
Q

Big Question:
Are people basically good or evil?

A

even famously evil people are occasionally good

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14
Q

Big Question:
How do media outlets shape our thoughts and behaviors?

A

We are exposed to hundreds of media messages every day. media outlets can be a fun distraction but also influence us in ways we don’t realize.

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15
Q

Big Question:
Are humans special?

A

3part question.
Are humans special compared to one another? Social psych says yes. we are all unique.
Are humans special compared in culture? Yes
Are humans special compared to other animals? no, others are faster, self aware,…

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16
Q

Why are experiments important to Social Psych?

A

They can isolate a causal variable

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17
Q

What is critical thinking and why is important in social psychology?

A

It is the ability to analyze, apply, and explore ideas in new and open-minded ways. It can help you remember what you learn

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18
Q

Scientific Method

A

a systematic way of creating knowledge by observing, forming a hypothesis, testing a hypothesis, and interpreting the results

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19
Q

Statistical Significance

A

a pattern of data identified by any statistical test is strong enough that it probably wouldn’t have happened by chance

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20
Q

Reliability

A

consistency of measurement, over time or over multiple tests

21
Q

What is a hypothesis and what role does it play in the scientific method?

A

specific statement made by a researcher before conducting a study about the expected outcome based on prior observation. falsifiable statements that researchers believe to be true

22
Q

Why is it important that constructs be operationalized?

A

they cannot be directly observed (attitudes, personality, attraction), they must specify how a construct will be defined

23
Q

Archival Research

A

The data comes from stored information created for another unrelated purpose

24
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

scientific surveillance of people in their natural environments

25
Q

Quasi-experiments

A

compares outcomes across different groups, the groups are not formed through random assignment

26
Q

True Experiments

A

compares groups created by researchers, goal is to make claims about causes and effects

27
Q

Correlational Designs

A

collecting or measuring two pieces of information form each participant and seeing if there is a pattern

28
Q

Roles and Differences of Independent and Dependent Variables

A

Independent is used to made groups different from each other. Dependent variables are effected by independent variable

29
Q

Random Selection vs Random Assignment

A

Random assignment gives equal opportunity of being distributed. its a solution to confounding variables

30
Q

t-Test

A

uses mean and standard deviation to test for differences between two groups

31
Q

ANOVA test

A

Analysis of Variance uses mean and standard deviation to compare differences between three or more groups

32
Q

Correlation Coefficients

A

number that indicates the relationship or association between two quantitative variables
range: -1.00 - +1.00

33
Q

Internal Validity vs External Validity

A

internal is the level of confidence researchers have that patterns of data are due to what is being tested
external validity is the extent to which results of a study could apply to other settings

34
Q

What APA ethical guidelines intend to protect human research participants?

A

Informed Consent
Deception
Right to Withdraw
Debriefing

35
Q

Self-concept

A

the personal summary of who we believe we are

36
Q

Self-monitoring

A

individuals ability to notice and adjust their own behavior in and attempt to fit in

37
Q

Self-compassion

A

an orientation to care for oneself

38
Q

Self-awareness and the Mark Test

A

Mirror Self-recognition Test - does the animal recognize that the reflection is its own self

39
Q

Four elements of WIDE guide

A

Who
Interpretation
Direction
Esteem

40
Q

Upward vs Downward Comparisons

A

Upward - compare themselves to someone who is better that they are, makes you feel worse
Downward - compare to someone who is worse than they are, makes you feel better

41
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

our self-concept is composed of two parts: personal identity and social identity

42
Q

Self-discrepancy Theory

A

when a mismatch exists between an individual’s actual, ideal, and ought selves

43
Q

Self-expansion Theory

A

We all want to grow and improve, we include other people into our self-concept

44
Q

Optimal Margin Theory

A

a slight range of healthy distortions of reality improves well-being

45
Q

Independent and interdependent self-construals

A

Independent - ideal self is based on internal qualities
Interdependent - ideal self is based on social qualities

46
Q

3 impression-management tactics

A
  1. Integration - endorsing the interviewer’s perceived attitudes/values
  2. Self-promotion - positive statements about the self
  3. Conspicuous Consumption - publicly displaying to impress others
47
Q

collective self-esteem

A

individual’s evaluation of the worth of the social groups they are a member of

48
Q

Inflated Self-esteem

A

Make fewer mistakes to learn from

Substitute competitive social comparisons for cooperative social supports

Decrease academic performance

Avoid helpful feedback

Increase levels of intergroup prejudice

Psych 330 (4 decks)

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