Exam 1 Flashcards
Superior
toward the top
Inferior
toward the bottom
Superficial
toward the surface
Deep
away from the surface
External
toward the surface
Internal
away from the surface
Medial
toward the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
Proximal
toward the point of attachment
Distal
away from the point of attachment
Dorsal (brain)
top of the head; superior
Ventral (brain)
bottom of the head; inferior
Dorsal (body)
toward the backbone; posterior
Ventral (body)
toward the belly; anterior
Rostral
toward the nose
Caudal
toward the tail
Central
toward the center
Peripheral
away from the center
Afferent
conducting inward or toward the central nervous system; sensory
Efferent
conducting outward or away from the central nervous system; motor
Ipsi-
same side
Contra-
opposite side
What are the 3 Primary Planes of the brain?
sagittal, coronal, horizontal
What direction does the sagittal plane divide the brain?
divides the brain vertically into the left and right portions
How is the midsagittal line different from sagittal?
Midsagittal divides the brain directly down the middle.
What direction does the horizontal plane divide the brain?
back to front into the upper and lower parts
What direction does the coronal plane divide the brain?
runs up and down from a side view to create the front and back portions
What is a neuron?
the basic building block and working unit of the brain. They are nerve cells and responsible for generating, receiving, transmitting and synthesizing electrical/chemical impulses.
Name the parts of a nerve cell
Dendrites, Nucleus, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Collateral, Synapse
What are the parts of a synapse?
Terminal Bouton (knob), Synaptic Cleft (ear), Postsynaptic receptor area
What two types of organization are used for cells of the nervous system?
Anatomically and Functionally
What are the main parts of the CNS?
Brain, Brain Stem, and Spinal Cord
What are the two main parts of the Peripheral Nervous System?
Autonomic - unconscious control of body systems/ nerves that connect the CNS to the visceral organs
Somatic - conducts sensorimotor signals/voluntary control of the body/nerves that go to the skin and muscle
Break the Autonomic control into two parts.
- Sympathetic - fight, flight, or freeze
- Parasympathetic - return to rest
What makes up the physical side of the Peripheral Nervous System?
nerves extending out from the brainstem and spinal cord
What two types of information carrying fibers?
Sensory/Afferent fibers - sensory info to the CNS from the body
Motor/Efferent fibers - motor impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the body
Where do the brain and spinal cord connect?
Foramen Magnum
What is the Foramen Magnum?
It connects the brain and spinal cord. It’s an opening in the occipital bone of the cranium. Where the medulla oblongata enters/exits the skull.
What are the prominences in the brain called?
singular - gyrus
plural - gyri
What are the grooves of the brain called?
fissures
singular - sulcus
plural - sulci
fissures are deeper grooves than sulci
What are the fluid filled cavities in the brain?
ventricles
What are the three parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, Brainstem, Cerebellum
Another name for the cerebrum
Telencephalon
What connects the cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
What cells make up grey matter?
Nerve cells and glia cells
What fibers make up the white matter of the brain?
Axonal fibers
The four lobes of each brain hemisphere:
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Which hemisphere is responsible for expressive emotional prosody?
Right Hemisphere of the Inferior Frontal Lobe
Which hemisphere is responsible for basic expressive language?
Left Hemisphere of the Inferior Frontal Lobe
