psych Flashcards
What is personology according to Henry Murray?
Personology explores the relationship between personality and behavior choices, emphasizing individual differences in decision-making.
What are ‘screeners’ or filters in the context of study environments?
‘Screeners’ are individuals who can effectively tune out distractions, impacting their preferences for study environments.
What does a case study comparing productivity levels in coffee shops versus libraries suggest?
It highlights how environmental preferences align with personality traits.
Define internal proceedings in the context of personality and behavior.
Internal proceedings involve planning and mental visualization of events.
What are external proceedings?
External proceedings refer to actual interactions with the environment, characterized by excitement and anticipation.
Provide an example of internal and external proceedings.
A student visualizing a successful presentation (internal) and then experiencing nerves during the actual event (external).
What is environmental press?
Environmental press refers to the influence of surroundings on an individual’s social, physical, and emotional state.
Differentiate between alpha press and beta press.
Alpha press is objective, focusing on measurable aspects of the environment, while beta press is subjective, relating to personal experiences.
What are the Big Five personality traits summarized as?
The Big Five traits are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
How do extroverts and introverts differ in their environmental preferences?
Extroverts may prefer lively coffee shops, while introverts might choose quieter libraries.
What are traditional personality dimensions?
Traditional dimensions include outgoing versus reserved, affecting social settings and interpersonal distances.
Define locus of control.
Locus of control refers to an individual’s belief about the primary causes of events in their life.
What is the difference between internal and external locus of control?
Internal locus individuals believe they can influence outcomes, while external locus individuals attribute outcomes to luck or fate.
How does locus of control influence environmental behaviors?
External locus individuals may engage in riskier behaviors, while internal locus individuals are more proactive.
What is the SPICE survey used for?
The SPICE survey evaluates personal influence in common environments, focusing on perceived control and satisfaction.
How are cognitive styles categorized in environmental assessment?
Cognitive styles can be categorized as objective (factual) or subjective (emotional).
What is environmental identity?
Environmental identity refers to how individuals integrate their environmental concerns into their self-concept.
Provide an example of environmental personality inventory dimensions.
Dimensions include Environmental Sensitivity, Environmental Mobility, Environmental Control, and Environmental Risk Taking.
What is the significance of nature connectedness?
Nature connectedness is a significant aspect of self-concept, where individuals see themselves as part of the ecosystem.
Define personal space.
Personal space is an invisible boundary that regulates interpersonal interactions.
What are the four zones of personal space identified by Edward Hall?
- Intimate Zone: 0-18 inches
- Personal Zone: 18 inches to 4 feet
- Social Zone: 4 to 12 feet
- Public Zone: 12 to 25 feet
What factors influence personal space?
Factors include individual differences (age, gender), social situations, and cultural norms.
What are Altman’s three types of territories?
- Primary Territories: High ownership (e.g., homes)
- Secondary Territories: Moderate ownership (e.g., desks)
- Public Territories: Low ownership (e.g., parks)
What is the concept of crowding?
Crowding is a subjective experience, while density is an objective measure of how many people occupy a space.
What are the three main types of privacy identified by Alan Westin?
- Solitude
- Intimacy
- Reserve
How does crowding affect behavior?
High-density environments can lead to negative social behaviors, such as aggression and social withdrawal.
What did Baum and Valins (1977) study reveal about living conditions?
Students in suites felt less crowded and more socially cohesive than those in long corridors.
