psych 1630 exam 3 chapter 8 Flashcards
Ways psychologists measure personality
interviews, observations, objective tests, and projective techniques.
Psychoanalysis
Freud’s theory of personality and method of
psychotherapy, both of which assume that our motives are
largely unconscious
Defense Mechanisms
Unconscious methods of minimizing
anxiety by denying and distorting reality
Repression
A defense mechanism in which personally threatening
thoughts, memories, and impulses are banned from awareness
Denial
A primitive form of repression in which anxiety-filled external
events are not acknowledged
Projection
A defense mechanism in which people attribute or
“project” their own unacceptable impulses onto others.
Reaction Formation
A defense mechanism in which one converts an
unacceptable feeling into its opposite
Rationalization
A defense mechanism that involves making excuses
for one’s failures and shortcomings.
Sublimation
The channeling of repressed sexual and aggressive
urges into socially acceptable substitute outlets
id
A primitive and unconscious part of personality that contains basic drives and
operates according to the pleasure principle
ego
The part of personality that operates according to the reality principle and mediates the conflict between the id and superego
superego
The part of personality that consists of one’s moral ideals and
conscience.
Locus of Control
The expectancy that one’s reinforcements are generally
controlled by internal or external factors
People who have an internal locus of control believe they are in charge of their own
destinies; those who have an external locus of control feel they are at the mercy of
luck, fate, and powerful others.
Conditional Positive Regard
A situation in which the acceptance and love one
receives from significant others is contingent on one’s behavior
Unconditional Positive Regard
A situation in which the acceptance and love
one receives from significant others is unqualified
