Psych Flashcards
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<div>Time range for adjustment disorder?</div>
<p><strong>1 - 6 months</strong></p>
<p>Symptoms of depression should occur within the first <strong>3</strong> months</p>
<div>Common delusional themes in post-stroke psychosis?</div>
<p>Persecutory, Jealousy + Environmental</p>
<div>What psychiatric disorders are associated with CVR disease, diabetes, COPD + MSK diseases</div>
<a><img></img></a><p class></p>
<div>What psychiatric disorders are caused by Thyrotoxicosis, Cushing’s Disease, Thyroid deficiency, Infections, Cancer and Parkinson’s?</div>
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<div>What are some things that affect accurate diagnosis of psychiatric diseases?</div>
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<div>Where are most delirium patients found?</div>
<p>ICU</p>
<div>Which sudden onset psychiatric disorder is found in <strong>up to 30% of elderly inpatients?</strong></div>
<p>Delirium</p>
<div>A <strong>fluctuating</strong> or <strong>waxing/waning</strong> or <strong>cyclical</strong> appearance of going crazy - This is indicative of which psychiatric condition?</div>
<p><strong>Delirium - If a patient goess crazy then normal then delirium is a contender.</strong></p>
<p><em>Twelve hours later, his temperature is 101.8°F (38.8°C), he demands that he be allowed to return home, and he gets agitated when the nurse does not allow him to leave his bed. He starts complaining about a parrot in his bathroom. One hour later he politely asks when he will receive lunch. </em></p>
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<div>3 categories of psychosis symptoms</div>
<ol><li>Positive</li></ol>
<ol><li>Negative</li></ol>
<ol><li>Disorganisation</li></ol>
<div>All the negative symptoms of Psychosis</div>
<p><strong>Anhedonia, Alogia, Avolition + Affective Flattening</strong></p>
<div>All of the disorganisation symptoms of Psychosis</div>
<p><strong>Bizarre Behvaiour, Thought disorder</strong></p>
<div>Components of the MSE</div>
<p>🧴<strong>ASEPTIC</strong></p>
<p><strong>A</strong>ppearance + Behaviour</p>
<p><strong>S</strong>peech</p>
<p><strong>E</strong>motion + Mood</p>
<p><strong>P</strong>erception</p>
<p><strong>T</strong>houghts</p>
<p><strong>I</strong>nsight</p>
<p><strong>C</strong>ognition</p>
<div>Repetitive movements of lip smacking, pouting or wrist circumduction are examples of what psychological symptom?</div>
<p>Tardive Dyskinesia</p>
<div>What 4 things do you measure in speech with the MSE?</div>
<ol><li>Rate</li></ol>
<ol><li>Quantity</li></ol>
<ol><li>Spontaneity</li></ol>
<ol><li>Volume</li></ol>
<div>Order of MSE</div>
<p>A Sorry Man Thought Psychiatry Could Imply</p>
<blockquote>Appearance & Behaviour</blockquote>
<blockquote>Speech</blockquote>
<blockquote>Mood & Affect</blockquote>
<blockquote>Thoughts (control & content)</blockquote>
<blockquote>Perception</blockquote>
<blockquote>Cognition</blockquote>
<blockquote>Insight</blockquote>
<div>What term is given to shared delusions?</div>
<p>Folie a deux</p>
<div>Hypangogic vs Hypnopompic</div>
<a><img></img></a>
<div>What’s a Charles Bonnet syndrome?</div>
<p>When a person losing their sight starts having visual hallucination.</p>
<div>What’s acute dystonia?</div>
<p>Increased motor tone</p>
<div>What’s akathisia?</div>
<p>Inner ‘restlessness (commonly in legs)</p>
<div>Sore throat with antipsychotics.....</div>
<p>Agranulocytosis</p>
<div>Milky white discharge w/ antipsychotics.....</div>
<p>Galactorrhea</p>
<div>2 types of bipolar disorder?</div>
<ul><li>type I disorder: mania and depression (most common)</li></ul>
<ul><li>type II disorder: hypomania and depression</li></ul>
<div>Gender distribution in Type 1, 2 Bipolar + MDD</div>
<p>M = F in <strong>bipolar type 1</strong></p>
<p>F>M in <strong>bipolar type 2</strong> <strong>+ MDD</strong></p>
<div>Depression symptoms (and time period)</div>
<p><strong>2 weeks + 4/8 symptoms WITH depressed mood</strong></p>
<p><span><strong>S</strong></span>leep changes: increase during day or decreased sleep at night</p>
<p><span><strong>I</strong></span>nterest (loss): of interest in activities that used to interest them</p>
<p><span><strong>G</strong></span>uilt (worthless): depressed elderly tend to devalue themselves</p>
<p><span><strong>E</strong></span>nergy (lack): common presenting symptom (fatigue)</p>
<p><span><strong>C</strong></span>ognition/<span><strong>C</strong></span>oncentration: reduced cognition &/or difficulty concentrating</p>
<p><span><strong>A</strong></span>ppetite (wt. loss); usually declined, occasionally increased</p>
<p><span><strong>P</strong></span>sychomotor: agitation (anxiety) or retardations (lethargic)</p>
<p><span><strong>S</strong></span>uicide/death preocp.</p>
<div>What to do if someone no longer wants SSRI?</div>
<p>Taper</p>
<div>Triad of symptoms in Depression</div>
<a><img></img></a>
<div>Symptoms in mania (and time range for hypo/mania)</div>
<p><strong>3/7 (4 days or more: hypomania, 1 week or more: mania)</strong></p>
<a><img></img></a>
<div>Hypomania for less than 4 days with depression?</div>
<p>Unspecified Bipolar Disorder</p>
<div>Which area of the brain is switched on during negative stimuli?</div>
<p>Amygdala</p>
<div>Which area of the brain is responsible for mediating negative attention bias?</div>
<p>Perigenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex</p>
<div>Amygdala has a bias towards what type of detecting?</div>
<p>Detecting fear</p>
<div>Amygdala function?</div>
<p>Medial Temporal lobe is the area and involved in perception and encoding of stimuli and translating to goals (reward system, facial expression & emotions)</p>
<div>Which receptors are theorised to be low in those with depression?</div>
<p>5-ht1a + 5-ht4</p>
<div>Explain the method of measuring serotonin in the brain</div>
<p><strong>AMPHETAMINE CHALLENGE</strong></p>
<ol><li>Give a ligand of dopamine receptor and measure with PET</li></ol>
<ol><li>Then give pharma challenge + ligand and measure with PET</li></ol>
<p>Subtract 1-2 and we can see dopamine levels</p>
<div>Are agonist or antagonist tracers more sensitive?</div>
<p>Agonist</p>
<div>Which receptor do psychedelics bind to?</div>
<p><strong>Serotonin 2A receptor.</strong></p>
<div>What particular differential to MDD might be relevant in asking about suicide?</div>
<p><strong>Borderline Personality Disorder/Bipolar Affective Disorder</strong></p>
<ul><li>How could you tell between these?<ol><li>Life events/environment affects BPD</li></ol><ol><li>Emptiness or sadness typically more BPD</li></ol><ol><li>History of Bipolar in heritages!</li></ol></li></ul>
<div>Rude, lack of self-awareness, CEO-mindset are indicators of what?</div>
<p><strong>Narcisstic Personality Disorder</strong></p>
<div>What are some disorders that belong in Cluster B?</div>
<p><strong>Histrionic, Borderline, Narcisstic + Antisocial</strong></p>
<div>Physical attacks, rude behaviour and other non-civil behaviours are all signs of what?</div>
<p><strong>Antisocial Behaviour Disorders</strong></p>
<p></p>
<div>Blood tests for which vitamins should be run when MDD is suspected?</div>
<p>B12/Folic acid</p>
<div>Why might we run an MRI on depressed individual patients?</div>
<p><strong>White Matter Hyperintensities</strong> - Vascular Depression</p>
<div>What are the criteria for dependence syndrome?</div>
<p><em>THIS WC 🏟</em></p>
<ol><li><strong>S</strong> Strong desire/compulsion to take substances</li></ol>
<ol><li><strong>C </strong>Difficulty controlling</li></ol>
<ol><li><strong>W </strong>‘Withdrawal state’</li></ol>
<ol><li><strong>T </strong>Tolerance evidence (need to take more to get same effects)</li></ol>
<ol><li><strong>I </strong>Neglect of other interest</li></ol>
<ol><li><strong>H </strong>Despite harmful sustances, persist with usage</li></ol>
<ul><li>How do you ask about control?<p><strong>Who has control (you or the drug?)/when did you last have the drug?</strong></p></li></ul>
<p></p>
<div>How many symptoms in the last period of time must you have to qualify for dependence syndrome?</div>
<p>3/6 in the last 12 months</p>