Psych 107 Exam 2

Question 1

Cell Division

Answer 1

Germinal (0-2 weeks)

Question 2

Eyes, heart, arms, legs, intestines, placenta

Answer 2

Embryonic-(3-8 weeks)

Question 3

Hears sounds, sleep patterns in the womb

Answer 3

5 months

Question 4

Eyes and eyelids form, grasping reflex

Answer 4

6 months

Question 5

Slowed growth in the womb

Answer 5

7 months

Question 6

Senses functioning in the womb

Answer 6

8 months

Question 7

Teratogens

Answer 7

Agent that damages fetus

Question 8

Increase in dendrites Neurons become connected Myelinated axons Synaptic connections between neurons

Answer 8

Blooming

Question 9

Frontal Lobe development

Answer 9

3-6 years

Question 10

Brain achieves 95% adult size

Answer 10

10 years old

Question 11

cognitive milestones, children actively construct their world through schemas

Answer 11

Jean Piaget

Question 12

incorporate new information into existing knowledge

Answer 12

assimilation

Question 13

adjust schema to new information

Answer 13

Accommodation

Question 14

sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, Formal operational

Answer 14

4 stages of cognitive development

Question 15

Experience world through senses and actions Object permanence

Answer 15

sensorimotor

Question 16

Understand that objects exist without being able to see or feel it

Answer 16

Object permanence(5-8) months

Question 17

Represent things with symbols, Cannot perform operations, Lack of conservation, Egocentrism

Answer 17

Preoperational stage(2-7 years)

Question 18

Permanence of attributes despite physical change

Answer 18

Lack of conservation

Question 19

Inability to distinguish between their perspective and other perspectives

Answer 19

Egocentrism

Question 20

Perform operations, Develop conservations skills, Use logical reasoning in concrete situations, Classification skills increase, Focus on more than one aspect of a problem

Answer 20

Concrete operational(7-11 years)

Question 21

Thinking more idealistic, abstract, logical
Use Hypothetical deductive reasoning

Answer 21

Formal operational(12+)

Question 22

Erik Erickson

Answer 22

Socioemotional

Question 23

Trust vs mistrust, Autonomy vs shame and doubt, Initiative vs guilt, Industry vs inferiority

Answer 23

childhood psychosocial stages

Question 24

Develop sense of basic trust(0-1.5 years)

Answer 24

Trust vs mistrust

Question 25

Develop independence and self confidence(1.5-3 years)

Answer 25

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 26

Develop initiative, more responsibility (3-5 years)

Answer 26

initiative vs guilt

Question 27

mastering knowledge and intellectual skills(6 years to puberty)

Answer 27

industry vs inferiority

Question 28

close emotional bond between infant and caregiver

Answer 28

attachment

Question 29

contact comfort, need comfort as well as food

Answer 29

Henry Harlow

Question 30

attachment theory, instincts form lifelong bond with mother

Answer 30

John Bowlby

Question 31

"strange situation" types of attachment

Answer 31

Mary Ainsworth

Question 32

imprinting, sensitive period

Answer 32

Konrad Lorenze

Question 33

authoritative, authoritarian, reject/neglect, indulgent

Answer 33

Baumrind's parenting styles

Question 34

high control, high warmth

Answer 34

Authoritative

Question 35

high control, low warmth

Answer 35

Authoritarian

Question 36

low control, low warmth

Answer 36

reject/neglect

Question 37

high warmth, low control

Answer 37

indulgent

Question 38

puberty, cognitive development, psychosocial development, emerging adulthood

Answer 38

adolescence

Question 39

Piaget’s formal operational stage, Adolescent, Egocentrism, Everyone is preoccupied with me, I am unique, I am indestructible, Cognitive empathy

Answer 39

Cognitive development

Question 40

Erik Erickson’s theory, Stage 5: identity vs identity confusion, Ethnic identity, Parents vs peers

Answer 40

psychosocial development

Question 41

Transition from adolescence to adulthood, Identity exploration, Instability, Self-focused, Feeling ”in-between”, Age of possibility

Answer 41

Emerging adulthood

Question 42

Healthiest, More bad habits(20-40)

Answer 42

Early Physical adulthood

Question 43

Visible signs of aging, menopause(40-60)

Answer 43

Middle Physical adulthood

Question 44

Reaction time slows down, Muscle strength diminishes, Brain functioning diminishes(60+)

Answer 44

Late Physical Adulthood

Question 45

More realistic logical thinking, Long term memory declines

Answer 45

Early Cognitive adulthood

Question 46

Intellectual skills peak, Crystallized and fluid intelligence increases

Answer 46

Middle Cognitive Adulthood

Question 47

processing speed and memory declines

Answer 47

Late Cognitive adulthood

Question 48

intimacy versus isolation

Answer 48

psychosocial 20-30 years

Question 49

generativity versus stagnations

Answer 49

psychosocial 40-50 years

Question 50

desire to assist younger generation

Answer 50

generativity versus stagnation

Question 51

integrity versus despair, reflecting on life

Answer 51

psychosocial 60+

Question 52

more activity and involvement results in happier person

Answer 52

activity theory

Question 53

narrowing of social circle to increase positive emotion

Answer 53

socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 54

sensory information converted to neural impulses

Answer 54

transduction

Question 55

subliminal stimuli

Answer 55

stimuli below threshold

Question 56

minimum difference needed to detect differences between stimuli

Answer 56

difference threshold

Question 57

stimuli must differ by percentage, not set rate to detect a difference

Answer 57

Weber's Law

Question 58

sensory that starts with sensory receptors

Answer 58

bottom up

Question 59

processing that starts in brain ex. looking for someone

Answer 59

top down

Question 60

decreased sensitivity to stimuli because of constant exposure

Answer 60

sensory adaptation

Question 61

decision making about stimuli in presence of noise

Answer 61

signal detection theory

Question 62

white outer part of eye, helps protect eye

Answer 62

sclera

Question 63

bends and focuses light waves

Answer 63

cornea

Question 64

regulates size of pupil

Answer 64

iris

Question 65

focuses light into an image for retina, changes shape depending on distance of object

Answer 65

lens

Question 66

begins processing info(eyes)

Answer 66

retina

Question 67

small area in center of retina with best vision

Answer 67

fovea

Question 68

responsible for transduction, rods and cones

Answer 68

receptor cells

Question 69

detects black and white light, good for low light

Answer 69

rods

Question 70

detect color, requires a lot of light

Answer 70

cones

Question 71

point in brain where optic nerve fibers divide

Answer 71

optic chiasm

Question 72

order that visual information is passed after retina

Answer 72

receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasm, visual cortex

Question 73

3 types of cones that detect only red, green, blue light

Answer 73

trichromatic theory

Question 74

lens does not flatten enough

Answer 74

nearsighted

Question 75

lens does not curve enough

Answer 75

farsighted

Question 76

color is coded on opponent pairs

Answer 76

opponent process theory

Question 77

proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, closure, figure ground

Answer 77

gestalt principles of organization

Question 78

input from both eyes used for depth perception

Answer 78

binocular cues

Question 79

input from one eye used for depth perception

Answer 79

monocular cues

Question 80

discrepancy between reality and the pictorial representation of an object

Answer 80

visual illusion

Question 81

funnel to concentrate sound waves

Answer 81

pinna

Question 82

eardrum, auditory ossicles(hammer, anvil, stirrup)

Answer 82

middle ear

Question 83

oval window, cochlea

Answer 83

inner ear

Question 84

fluid-filled tube in the inner ear, basilar membrane

Answer 84

cochlea

Question 85

carries neural impulses from ear to brain

Answer 85

auditory nerve

Question 86

where is the auditory cortex

Answer 86

temporal lobe

Question 87

one ear used to locate sound

Answer 87

monaural cues

Question 88

both ears used to locate sound

Answer 88

binaural

Question 89

difference in intensity of sound waves between the two ears

Answer 89

interaural level distance

Question 90

small difference in time at which sound waves arrive at either ear

Answer 90

interaural timing difference

Question 91

awareness of internal and external stimuli

Answer 91

consciousness

Question 92

small structure in hypothalamus, synchronizes to 24-hour schedule

Answer 92

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 93

Impacts the thalamus and prefrontal cortex

Answer 93

sleep deprovation

Question 94

stages of sleep

Answer 94

stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage, 2, REM

Question 95

REM

Answer 95

Rapid Eye Movement

Question 96

Psychodynamic Theory(dreaming)

Answer 96

wish fulfillment, manifest content, latent content

Question 97

manifest content

Answer 97

what you see in a dream

Question 98

latent content

Answer 98

the hidden meaning of a dream

Question 99

cognitive theory(dream)

Answer 99

way to solve problems and think creatively

Question 100

Activation-synthesis hypothesis(dream)

Answer 100

Organizing random neural activity

Question 101

what stage of sleep does sleepwalking happen in

Answer 101

stage 3

Question 102

what stage of sleep does sleep talking happen in

Answer 102

stage 2

Question 103

REM sleep behavior disorder(RBD)

Answer 103

muscle paralysis does not occur

Question 104

happens in REM sleep, Peak from 3-6 years, Stress related

Answer 104

nightmares

Question 105

arousal and intense fear when sleeping, nonREM sleep, Most common in childhood, Recall little or nothing

Answer 105

night terrors

Question 106

Uncontrollable sleep attacks, Lapse immediately into REM sleep

Answer 106

narcolepsy

Question 107

Depressants, stimulants, opioids, hallucinogens

Answer 107

types of psychoactive drugs