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Psych 101 > Psych 101 Ch 3 > Flashcards

Psych 101 Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of a Neuron- Neuron

A

Cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information processing tasks

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2
Q

Cell Body

A

Coordinates information processing tasks and keeps the cells alive

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

Receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

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4
Q

Axon

A

Transmits information to other neurons, muscles, or glands

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulating layer of fatty material

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6
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Increase efficiency of signal transmission

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7
Q

Synapse

A

The junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another

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8
Q

Types of Neurons- Sensory neurons - to BRAIN

A
  • receives information from external world –> spinal cord –> convey to brain
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9
Q

Motor neurons- to BODY

A

spinal cord –> to muscles –> induce movement

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10
Q

Interneurons

A

neurons that connect sensory neurons, motors, or other interneurons

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11
Q

Electric Signaling- Communicating Information Within a Neuron
Resting Potential

A

When the neuron is at rest, positively charged potassium K+ flow out
cell is negatively charged (-70)
Na+/K+ pump helps maintain and restore resting potential
3Na+ out and 2K+ in

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12
Q

Action Potential

A

an electric signal that is conducted along the axon to a synapse
occurs only when threshold for stimulation is reached (approx -55 mV)
cell becomes positively charged (+40 millivolts)

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13
Q

Refractory Period

A

The time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated

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14
Q

Chemical Signaling- Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons

A

An action potential reaches the end of an axon at the terminal button and neurotransmitter is released into the synapses, collected at the receptor of the receiving neuron

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15
Q

Terminal Button

A

Knoblike structures that branch out from an axon

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16
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

chemicals that transmit information across the synapses

17
Q

Receptors

A

parts of the cell membrane that receive the neurotransmitter and initiate a new electric signal

18
Q

Neurotransmitters leave the synapses

A

reuptake- acts like a vacuum
enzyme deactivation- digestion
auto receptors- shuts the gate

19
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters- Acetylcholine

A

voluntary motor control, memory, learning

20
Q

Dopamine

A

regulates motor behavior, pleasure and emotional arousal

21
Q

Norepinephrine

A

influences mood and arousal

22
Q

Serotonin

A

regulates sleep, dreaming, mood, aggression, appetite, sexual behavior

23
Q

Endorphins

A

chemicals that act within pain and pleasure pathways and emption centers of the brain

24
Q

How drugs mimic neurotransmitters

A

many drugs affect the nervous system by increasing, interfering with, or mimicking the manufacture or function of neurotransmitters

25
Q

The nervous system

A

an interactive network of neurons that conveys electrochemical information throughout the body
Nerves- bundles of axons and glial cells that support neurons

26
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

27
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

connects the nervous system to the body’s organs and muscles
Somatic + Automatic

28
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

a set of nerves that conveys information into and out of the CNS. Communicates with sense organs (eyes) and voluntary muscle

29
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

a set of nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that controls blood vessels, body organs, and glands

30
Q

Divisions of Somatic NS- Sensory nervous system

A

a set of nerves transmitting sensory input from the body to brain

31
Q

Motor nervous system

A

a set of nerves for motor output from brain to body

32
Q

Division of the Autonomic NS- Sympathetic nervous system

A

a set of nerves that prepares the body for action in threatening situations

33
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

a set of nerves that helps the body return to a normal resting state

34
Q

Components of the Central Nervous System

A

The CNS is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord, which communicate and collaborate on a variety of complex tasks

Psych 101 (3 decks)

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