Psych 101 Ch 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of the mind and behavior

Question 2

Who was H.M.?

Answer 2

A man who was in a bike accident and they removed his hippocampus, so he couldn’t form long-term memories

Question 3

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 3

Can’t form new memories

Question 4

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 4

Can’t remember past memories

Question 5

Who was Plato?

Answer 5

Nativism- certain information is simply born with

Question 6

Who was Aristotle?

Answer 6

Unsubscribed tablet –> tabula rasa –> blank slate
Empiricism- all knowledge is acquired through experience (language)

Question 7

Who was Genie Wiley?

Answer 7

The child was kept in secret and was severely mistreated. Led to a lack of brain development, such as language and grammar

Question 8

Franz Joseph Gall

Answer 8

Felt for bumps on the head
Phrenology- scientific mental abilities and characteristics are localized in specific regions of the brain/skull

Question 9

Paul Broca

Answer 9

Damage to this location causes impairment in language output, but not comprehension

Question 10

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 10

Consciousness- a person’s subjective experience of the world and mind
Structuralism- the basic elements/ processes that make up our mind
Introspective- the subjective observation of one’s own experience

Question 11

William James

Answer 11

Functionalism- the study of the purpose that mental processes serve as the function of these processes, enables us to adapt to our environment, solve problems, increase chances of survival

Question 12

Charles Darwin

Answer 12

Natural Selection- the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed onto subsequent generations

Question 13

Jean Marie Charcot and Pierre Janet

Answer 13

Hysteria- a temporary loss of a cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences
Multiple conscious “selves”
Sigmund Freud was Charcot’s student

Question 14

Sigmund Freud

Answer 14

Believed you needed to be vulnerable for truth to come out
Unconscious- part of mind operating outside our awareness, but still influences us
Psychoanalysis- bring the unconscious into conscious awareness, trauma we don’t remember, you do not forget trauma, extreme case to dissociate

Question 15

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

Answer 15

Humanistic Psychologist- focus on the positive potential of humans, on the highest aspirations
Therapist and client are on equal footing

Question 16

John Watson

Answer 16

Behaviorism- learning based on that behaviors are acquired through conditioning/interacting with the environment
Science- replicable
objective measures observable by others

Question 17

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 17

Pavlov’s Dogs- the dogs salivated at the sound of a tone, since they were exposed to a tone prior to delivering food to hungry dogs

Question 18

B.F Skinner

Answer 18

Animals learn by interacting with the environment
Reinforcement/Consequence- the consequence of your behavior will determine whether or not you do it again
Can shape any behavior with reinforcement
Questioned free-will

Question 19

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 19

Illusions- errors of perception memory, or judgement in which subjective experience differs from objective reality
A psychological approach that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts
Anxiety is the illusion of a threat

Question 20

Sir Frederick Bartlett

Answer 20

People remember how a story should end rather than how it actually did end
Memory is influenced by our minds (hopes/aspirations, etc) rather than a photographic representation of actual events

Question 21

Advent of Computers

Answer 21

Model for human mind (register/ store info)
Information processing systems

Question 22

Karl Lashley

Answer 22

Removed part of rat brains (observed deficits) harder to function with less brain
Behavioral neuroscience- behavior connects with parts of the brain) (part of brain lights up)
Cognitive neuroscience- link cognitive processes, think= certain brain parts light up)
Non-invasive “brain-scanning” during mental activity (PET scan, fMRI)

Question 23

John Garcia

Answer 23

Our ancestors’ learning histories influence our learning
Rats learn to avoid the food even though they lack experience. We inherit knowledge from our ancestors

Question 24

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 24

Explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection

Question 25

Norman Triplett

Answer 25

Cyclists rode faster with peers
Our behavior is influenced by the presence of others
Social Psychology- studies the causes and consequences of personal behaviors

Question 26

Cultural Psychology

Answer 26

Culture- the values, traditions and beliefs that are shared by a particular group of people
The study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members
Absolutism v relativism

Question 27

Margaret Mead

Answer 27

Anthropologist
Traveled too far regions to study cultural differences in behavior and practices