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Psych 100 - Social Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology

A

scientific study of how we think about, feel, and relate to one another.

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2
Q

Major Areas of Study of Social Psychology

A

how we think about our own and others’ Behavior

how others influence our behavior

how groups influence us

how we relate to each other

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3
Q

Situationism

A

an explanation for the cause of behaviors or events

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4
Q

Internal vs. External Factors

A

internal: (dispositional) cause, such as personal characteristics

external: (situational) cause, such as situational demands

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5
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

tendency, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal traits

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6
Q

Just-World Hypothesis

A

the assumption that the world is just and that people get what they deserve

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7
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

expectations of a person elicit behavior from the person that confirms our expectations

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8
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

the tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive oneself favorably

takes credit for positive events, blames external factors for negative events

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9
Q

False Consensus Effect

A

bias where we assume everyone experiences the world like we do (e.g., beliefs, attitudes,
behaviors)

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10
Q

False Uniqueness Effect

A

the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and successful behaviors

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11
Q

Attitudes

A

evaluative reactions (positive or negative) toward things, events, and other people

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12
Q

Attitudes Guide Our Behavior:

A

when we feel strongly about them

when we are consciously aware of them

when outside influences on behavior are weak

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13
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

feeling of discomfort created from a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior or between
two competing attitudes or beliefs

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14
Q

Social Influence

A

examines how other people and the social forces they create influence an individual’s behavior

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15
Q

Social Influence Theories:

A

why we conform

why we comply

why we obey

how groups influence us

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16
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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17
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain or avoid disapproval

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18
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

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19
Q

Compliance

A

acting in accordance with to a direct request from another person or group

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20
Q

Compliance Techniques: Foot-In-The-Door

A

start with a small request,

21
Q

Compliance Techniques: Door-In-The-Face

A

start with a large request,
follow up with a small one

reciprocity for previous favor/concession from the other party

22
Q

Compliance Techniques: Low-Ball

A

make an attractive initial offer,
after getting a commitment, make the terms less good

23
Q

Compliance Techniques: That’s-Not-All

A

people are more likely to comply to a request after a build-up to make the request sound “better”

24
Q

Obedience

A

following the commands of a person in authority

25
Results of Stanely Milgram's Shock Experiment
when others refused to administer the shock,, obedience dramatically dropped
26
Social Facilitation
improved performance of tasks in the presence of others occurs with simple or well-learned tasks, but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered
27
Social Loafing
tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
28
Group Polarization
if a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens its prevailing opinions
29
Deindividuation
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity deindividuated people feel less restrained and may “forget” their moral values and act spontaneously without thinking
30
Altruism
actions designed to help others with no obvious benefit to the helper
31
Egoistic Model
helping motivated by anticipated gain
32
Empathy-Altruism Model
helping motivated empathy
33
Diffusion of Responsibility
dilution or diffusion of personal responsibility
34
Bystander Effect
tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
35
Aggression
behavior with the intent to cause harm to another person
36
Causes of Aggression:
biological factors social factors frustration effect
37
Causes of Aggression - Biological
testosterone levels correlated with aggression higher levels of cortisol are associated with higher levels of aggressive behavior alcohol usage increases aggression
38
Causes of Aggression: Frustration
occurs when the achievement of a goal is blocked People with higher levels of frustration are more aggressive
39
Misconceptions About School Shootings
all school shooters fit a consistent pattern school shooters are bullied loners school shooters are mentally ill
40
Violent Media
consistently linked with aggressive thoughts & feelings to a lesser extent, behavior, but not violence
41
Risk Factor Model of Aggression & Violence
aggression/violence is a result of the accumulation of risk factors ex: peers, personality, parents, biology, neighborhood the more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to act aggressive/violent in any given situation some people have more risk factors than others
42
Interpersonal Attraction
liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person
43
Factors That Influence Interpersonal Attraction
similarity: friends share common attitudes, beliefs, interests matching hypothesis: choose mate similar to self
44
Feminized Facial Attractiveness
eyebrow arch bigger eyes narrow jaw and nose fuller lips
45
Masculinized Facial Attractiveness
pronounced eye-brow ridge big jaw, square face men and women prefer feminine features in men, however ovulating women shift preference for male attractiveness towards hyper-masculine
46
Limbal Ring
the line that separates the colored part of the eye from the white people with distinct limbal rings are perceived to be more attractive indicator of health and fertility
47
Triangle Theory of Love
intimacy: closeness, sharing, communication, and support passion: physiological arousal and intense desire to be with the loved one commitment: affirmation of your love and long-term commitment to maintain that love
48
Types of Love:
romantic: intimacy + passion occurs at the start of the relationship companionate: intimacy + commitment shift between romantic and companionate love occurs around 3-4 years into a relationship consummate: intimacy + commitment + passion ideal relationship

Psych 100 (3 decks)

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