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Psych 100 > Psych 100 - Social > Flashcards

Psych 100 - Social Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology

A

scientific study of how we think about, feel, and relate to one another.

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2
Q

Major Areas of Study of Social Psychology

A

how we think about our own and others’ Behavior

how others influence our behavior

how groups influence us

how we relate to each other

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3
Q

Situationism

A

an explanation for the cause of behaviors or events

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4
Q

Internal vs. External Factors

A

internal: (dispositional) cause, such as personal characteristics

external: (situational) cause, such as situational demands

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5
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

tendency, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal traits

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6
Q

Just-World Hypothesis

A

the assumption that the world is just and that people get what they deserve

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7
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

expectations of a person elicit behavior from the person that confirms our expectations

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8
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

the tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive oneself favorably

takes credit for positive events, blames external factors for negative events

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9
Q

False Consensus Effect

A

bias where we assume everyone experiences the world like we do (e.g., beliefs, attitudes,
behaviors)

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10
Q

False Uniqueness Effect

A

the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and successful behaviors

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11
Q

Attitudes

A

evaluative reactions (positive or negative) toward things, events, and other people

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12
Q

Attitudes Guide Our Behavior:

A

when we feel strongly about them

when we are consciously aware of them

when outside influences on behavior are weak

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13
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

feeling of discomfort created from a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior or between
two competing attitudes or beliefs

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14
Q

Social Influence

A

examines how other people and the social forces they create influence an individual’s behavior

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15
Q

Social Influence Theories:

A

why we conform

why we comply

why we obey

how groups influence us

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16
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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17
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain or avoid disapproval

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18
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

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19
Q

Compliance

A

acting in accordance with to a direct request from another person or group

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20
Q

Compliance Techniques: Foot-In-The-Door

A

start with a small request,

21
Q

Compliance Techniques: Door-In-The-Face

A

start with a large request,
follow up with a small one

reciprocity for previous favor/concession from the other party

22
Q

Compliance Techniques: Low-Ball

A

make an attractive initial offer,
after getting a commitment, make the terms less good

23
Q

Compliance Techniques: That’s-Not-All

A

people are more likely to comply to a request after a build-up to make the request sound “better”

24
Q

Obedience

A

following the commands of a person in authority

25
Q

Results of Stanely Milgram’s Shock Experiment

A

when others refused to administer the shock,, obedience dramatically dropped

26
Q

Social Facilitation

A

improved performance of tasks in the presence of others

occurs with simple or well-learned tasks, but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered

27
Q

Social Loafing

A

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

28
Q

Group Polarization

A

if a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens its prevailing opinions

29
Q

Deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity

deindividuated people feel less restrained and may “forget” their moral values and act spontaneously without thinking

30
Q

Altruism

A

actions designed to help others with no obvious benefit to the helper

31
Q

Egoistic Model

A

helping motivated by anticipated gain

32
Q

Empathy-Altruism Model

A

helping motivated empathy

33
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

dilution or diffusion of personal responsibility

34
Q

Bystander Effect

A

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

35
Q

Aggression

A

behavior with the intent to cause harm to another person

36
Q

Causes of Aggression:

A

biological factors

social factors

frustration effect

37
Q

Causes of Aggression - Biological

A

testosterone levels correlated with aggression

higher levels of cortisol are associated with higher levels of aggressive behavior

alcohol usage increases aggression

38
Q

Causes of Aggression: Frustration

A

occurs when the achievement of a goal is blocked

People with higher levels of frustration are more aggressive

39
Q

Misconceptions About School Shootings

A

all school shooters fit a consistent pattern

school shooters are bullied loners

school shooters are mentally ill

40
Q

Violent Media

A

consistently linked with aggressive thoughts & feelings

to a lesser extent, behavior, but not violence

41
Q

Risk Factor Model of Aggression & Violence

A

aggression/violence is a result of the accumulation of risk factors
ex: peers, personality, parents, biology, neighborhood

the more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to act
aggressive/violent in any given situation

some people have more risk factors than others

42
Q

Interpersonal Attraction

A

liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person

43
Q

Factors That Influence Interpersonal Attraction

A

similarity: friends share common attitudes, beliefs, interests

matching hypothesis: choose mate similar to self

44
Q

Feminized Facial Attractiveness

A

eyebrow arch

bigger eyes

narrow jaw and nose

fuller lips

45
Q

Masculinized Facial Attractiveness

A

pronounced eye-brow ridge

big jaw, square face

men and women prefer feminine features in men, however ovulating women shift preference for male attractiveness towards hyper-masculine

46
Q

Limbal Ring

A

the line that separates the colored part of the eye from the white

people with distinct limbal rings are perceived to be more attractive

indicator of health and fertility

47
Q

Triangle Theory of Love

A

intimacy: closeness, sharing, communication, and support

passion: physiological arousal and intense desire to be with the loved one

commitment: affirmation of your love and long-term commitment to maintain that love

48
Q

Types of Love:

A

romantic: intimacy + passion
occurs at the start of the relationship

companionate: intimacy + commitment
shift between romantic and companionate love occurs around 3-4 years into a relationship

consummate: intimacy + commitment + passion
ideal relationship

Psych 100 (3 decks)

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