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PSYC4022 Testing and Assessment > PSYC4022 Testing and Assessment Week Six Neuropsychology > Flashcards

PSYC4022 Testing and Assessment Week Six Neuropsychology Flashcards

1
Q

A neuron

A

A nerve cell

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2
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

The neurons that convey messages to and from the rest of the body

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4
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Selective about what it lets in or out

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5
Q

Resting Potential

A

Starting point for the neuron

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6
Q

Na+

A

Sodium

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7
Q

K

A

Potassium

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8
Q

Refractory Period

A

After the cell fires, the chemical levels bounce down to lower than where it first started

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9
Q

Synapse

A

Junction

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10
Q

Lesions

A

Change to tissue resulting from injury or infection (Physical or Chemical). Will manifest themselves in various behaviour deficits

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11
Q

Focal

A

At one site

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12
Q

Diffuse

A

Scattered across sites

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13
Q

Contralateral Control

A

Each hemisphere of the brain receives information from the opposite side of the brain and controls motor responses on the opposite side of the body.

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

The brain of the cell

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15
Q

Dendrite

A

Carries information to the cell

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16
Q

Cell Body

A

Around the nucleus

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17
Q

Axon

A

Cell that connects the Cell Body to the Axon Terminal

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18
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

The wrapping around the Axon

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19
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Pauses between the Axons

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20
Q

Axon Terminal

A

On the other side of the Axon sting from the Cell Body

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21
Q

A Neuron2

A

An excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrochemical means

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22
Q

Hyperpolarisation

A

The electrical gradient of the neuron continues to drop until the charge inside is considerably less than the outside

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23
Q

Axon Hillcock

A

The neck of the cell body

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24
Q

Synapses

A

Communication between neurons occurs at specialised junctions called synapses

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25
Q

Presynaptic Axon Terminal

A

Synaptic Transmission begins when the nerve impulse reaches the presynaptic axon terminal

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26
Q

Acetylcholine

A

A neurotrasmitter that relaxes heart muscles, but tightens skeletal muscles

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27
Q

Forebrain

A

The largest part of the brain, mostly made up of cerebrum

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28
Q

Cerebrum

A

Two hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum

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29
Q

Neurologically Intact Individual

A

Hemispheres compliment one another

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30
Q

Hard Sign

A

A definite indicator of neurological deficit e.g. cranial nerve damage as indicated by neuroimaging

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31
Q

Soft Sign

A

An indicator suggestive of neurological deficit e.g. an apparent inability to accurately copy a stimulus figure when attempting to draw it

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32
Q

Name 7 Parts of a Brain Cell

A 
Cell Body
Axon
Nucleus
Dendrite
Myelin Sheath
Axon Terminal
Node of Ranvier
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33
Q

Name 3 Neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine
Seratonin
GABA

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34
Q

The brain is divided into 4 Lobes. What are they?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Occipital
  3. Parietal
  4. Temporal
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35
Q

The Frontal Lobe contains areas for…

A
  1. Ordering information and sorting stimuli (concentration, attention, planning)
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36
Q

If the frontal Lobe is damaged, it may affect the following areas;

A
  1. Problem-Solving
  2. Abstract thinking
  3. Concept Formation
  4. Foresight
  5. Impairments in Concentration/ Attention
  6. Gross and Fine Motor
  7. Speech
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37
Q

What is the Occipital Lobe responsible for?

A

Visual Perception

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38
Q

If the occipital lobe is damaged, we might see impairments in which functions?

A
  1. Blindness to all or part of the visual field
  2. Deficits in Object Recognition
  3. Integration of Symbols
  4. Visual Scanning
  5. Imagery Recall
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39
Q

The Parietal Lobe contains areas for;

A
  1. Sense of touch and bodily position
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40
Q

If the parietal lobe is damaged, we might see impairments in;

A
  1. Deficits in touch
  2. Disorganisation
  3. Self-Perception
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41
Q

The Temporal Lobes are responsible for;

A
  1. Auditory Reception

2. Processing Visual Information

42
Q

If the temporal lobes are damaged, we might see deficits in;

A
  1. Sound Discrimination
  2. Sound Comprehension
  3. Sound Recognition
  4. Music Appreciation
  5. Voice Recognition
  6. Auditory/ Visual Memory Storage
43
Q

There are 3 main parts of the brain discussed here. What are they?

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Lymbic System
44
Q

The Cerebellum is responsible for;

A
  1. regulating breathing, balance and posture
45
Q

If the cerebellum is damaged, it may cause deficits to;

A
  1. Fine Motor Control.

2. Coordination Problems

46
Q

The Hypothalamus is responsible for;

A

the regulation of eating, drinking, body temperature, sex and emotion (sensitive to fight or flight conditions)

47
Q

If the hypothalamus is damaged, it might cause deficits in;

A
  1. Uncontrolled eating or drinking,

2. Mild Alterations in Mood State

48
Q

The Lymbic System is responsible for;

A

Expression of Emotions (amygdala, cingulate cortex, hippocampus)

49
Q

If the Lymbic System is damaged, it may cause alterations to;

A

emotional behaviour (even personality e.g. Phineas Gage)

50
Q

What are 3 disorders that may be caused by damage to the Cerebral Cortex?

A

Depression
Huntington’s Disease
Mania

51
Q

What are 2 disorders that might be caused by damage to the Cerebrum?

A

Epilepsy

Stroke

52
Q

What are 3 disorders that might be caused by damage to the Frontal Lobe

A

Alzheimer’s Disease
Depression
Mania

53
Q

Name 1 disorder you might develop as a result of damage to your parietal lobe?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

54
Q

Name 3 disorders you might develop as a result of damage to your temporal lobe?

A

Mania, Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression

55
Q

Name 1 Disorder you might develop as a result of damage to your Lymbic system

A

Mania

56
Q

Name 1 Disease associated with damage to the amygdala

A

Depression

57
Q

Name 2 Disorders associated with damage to the Hippocampus

A

Mania

Alzheimer’s Disease

58
Q

The substantia Nigra is within which part of the brain?

A

Midbrain

59
Q

Damage to the substantia nigra is associated with which disease?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

60
Q

Damage to the Hindbrain is associated with which brain dysfunction?

A

Stroke

61
Q

Which 3 parts of the brain make up the Hindbrain?

A

Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebrum

62
Q

Damage to the Pons is associated with…?

A

Sleep Disorders, Stroke

63
Q

There are 3 sub-specialties of Neuropsychology. What are they?

A
  1. Forensic
  2. Geriatric
  3. Paediatric
64
Q

There are 4 approaches to Neuropsychology. What are they?

A
  1. Clinical
  2. Cognitive
  3. Neuroimaging
  4. Connectionist
65
Q

There are 3 phases of Neuropsychological Testing. What are they?

A
  1. History
  2. Interviewing
  3. Testing
66
Q

There are 4 categories of Neuropsychological Testing. What are they?

A
  1. Memory
  2. Intelligence
  3. Language
  4. Executive Function
67
Q

Name 2 Intelligence Tests discussed in Lectures

A
  1. WAIS

2. WISC

68
Q

Name 3 Memory Tests discussed in Lecture Notes

A
  1. WMS
  2. Doors and People (Verbal and Visual Recognition and Recall)
  3. RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test)
69
Q

Name 5 Tests of Executive Function discussed in Lecture Note

A
  1. WCST
  2. Clock Drawing Task
  3. Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure
  4. Trail Making Test
  5. Tower of Hanoi
70
Q

Name 1 Language Test discussed in the Lecture Notes

A

Boston Naming Test

71
Q

Name 1 General Test Discussed in the Lecture Notes

A

Mini Mental Status Exam

72
Q

Name 5 Tests for Perceptual/ Motor Ability discussed in the Lecture Notes

A
  1. Jigsaw Puzzles
  2. Ishihara (1964) Test for Colour blindness
  3. Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test
  4. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
  5. Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test
73
Q

Name 1 Physical Exam discussed in the Lecture Notes

A
  1. Stand Still, Finger-Nose, Finger Localisation, Finger Wiggle/ Finger Tapping
74
Q

Name 7 Neuro-imaging techniques

A
  1. MRI
  2. fMRI
  3. SPECT
  4. CT
  5. PET
  6. EMG
  7. EEG
75
Q

There are 7 confounds in memory assessment. They are…

A
  1. Tiredness
  2. Thought Disorders
  3. Anxiety and Stress
  4. Physical Issues (Praxis)
  5. Depression
  6. ADD/ADHD
  7. Drugs
76
Q

The resting potential of the cell is slightly…

A

negative

77
Q

When the cell is resting, the Sodium gates are…

A

closed

78
Q

When the cell is resting, the Potassium gates are…

A

almost closed

79
Q

Sodium flows into the cell. This is called….

A

Depolarisation

80
Q

The electrical gradient continues to drop until the charge inside is considerably less than the outside. This is called…

A

Hyperpolarisation

81
Q

How many Sub-tests are there for the WMS-IV?

A

11

82
Q

How many Sub-tests of the WMS-IV are used to derive the Index Scores?

A

6

83
Q

How many batteries are their for the WMS-IV?

A

2

84
Q

What are the age brackets for the 2 WMS-IV Batteries?

A

16-69

65-90

85
Q

What are the 5 Index Scores for the WMS-IV?

A
  1. Visual Memory
  2. Auditory Memory
  3. Visual Working Memory
  4. Immediate Memory
  5. Delayed Memory
86
Q

What are the 4 new sub-tests of the WMS-IV?

A
  1. Brief Cognitive Status Exam
  2. Designs
  3. Symbol Span
  4. Spatial Addition
87
Q

The Sub-tests which make up the Auditory Memory Index (AMI) Index of the WMS-IV are;

A
  1. Logical Memory I & II

2. Verbal Paired Associates I & II

88
Q

The Sub-tests which make up the Visual Memory Index (VMI) Index of the WMS-IV are;

A
  1. Designs I & II

2. Visual Reproduction I & II

89
Q

The Sub-tests which make up the Visual Working Memory Index (VWMI) Index of the WMS-IV

A
  1. Spatial Addition I & II

2. Symbol Search I & II

90
Q

The Sub-tests which make up the Immediate Memory Index (IMI) of the WMS-IV are;

A
  1. Designs 1
  2. Visual Reproduction 1
  3. Logical Memory 1
  4. Verbal Paired Associates 1
91
Q

The Sub-tests which make up the Delayed Memory Index (DMI) of the WMS-IV are;

A
  1. Designs II
  2. Visual Reproduction II
  3. Logical Memory II
  4. Verbal Paired Associates II
92
Q

What are the 4 conditions of the Doors test and what objects are used in each condition?

A

Visual Recall - Shapes
Verbal Recall - People
Visual Recognition - Doors
Verbal Recognition - Names

93
Q

The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test involves memorising a list of words how many times (with one distractor trial)

A

5

94
Q

How many straight lines are in the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure

A

44

95
Q

There are 3 conditions in the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. What are they?

A
  1. Copy
  2. Immediate Recall
  3. Delayed Recall
96
Q

In the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test is the examinee told they will need to remember the figure for the delayed condition?

A

No

97
Q

In the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test how many minutes after initial presentation does the person need to re-create the figure in the delayed condition?

A

20-30 minutes

98
Q

How many drawings are in the Boston Naming Test?

A

60

99
Q

How long is the examinee given in the Boston Naming Test to name each picture?

A

20 seconds

100
Q

If the examinee in the Boston Naming Test fails to give the correct name, what may the test administrator due to prompt the examinee?

A

Cue with a phonemic cue, the first part of the word

101
Q

On the Clock Drawing Task, what are some of the “Red Flags” for screening someone for dementia?

A
  1. Wrong Time
  2. No hands
  3. Missing Numbers
  4. Number Substitutions
  5. Repetition
  6. Refusal
102
Q

What are some of the advantages of using the Clock Drawing Task?

A
  1. Fast and Easy to administer
  2. Free
  3. Clients Prefer it to the MMSE
  4. Can detect problems in executive functioning even when someone scores well on the MMSE
  5. Executive Functioning can be impaired before any memory problems are evidence, allowing for early treatment

PSYC4022 Testing and Assessment (10 decks)

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