PSYC360CH1

Question 1

Dualism

Answer 1

assumes that mind and body are qualitatively different

Question 2

monism

Answer 2

assume tht the mind and body really are qualitively the same.

Question 3

Paralletistic dualism

Answer 3

this approach retain a mind-body dualism but without the mind causing the body to do anything

Question 4

Monism

Answer 4

is the idea that there is only a single “substance” , encompassing both mind and body.

Question 5

Materialistic monism

Answer 5

this view holds that the single underlying reality is material and that “the mind is what the brain does”

Question 6

neural identity theory

Answer 6

the material nervous system can be viewed in two different ways, just as we view two sides of a coin differently

Question 7

testability

Answer 7

a theory that can be shown wrong by being tested

Question 8

fruitfulness

Answer 8

a theory generates research so that more knowledge is gained

Question 9

simplicity

Answer 9

if there are two explanations for and event the simpler of the two is preferable.

Question 10

determinism

Answer 10

means that if Cause A occurs, then Effect B will follow

Question 11

Causes

Answer 11

are inferred from observations we make and the goodness of our causal statements depends on the goodness of our observations

Question 12

comprehensiveness

Answer 12

the better a theory is, the greater number of observations it explains.

Question 13

syntactics

Answer 13

the relations of different signs to each other

Question 14

semantics

Answer 14

the relations of signs to the objects to which they refer

Question 15

pragmatics

Answer 15

the relations of signs to their users

Question 16

circular definition

Answer 16

something is defined in terms of itself

Question 17

psychometric

Answer 17

measurement and comparisons of individual differences

Question 18

intervening variables

Answer 18

have antecedent and consequent conditions

Question 19

psychological hedonism

Answer 19

organisms engage in activites that are expected to have desirable outcomes, and avoid activites expected to have unpleasant or aversive outcomes.

Question 20

hedonic continuum

Answer 20

an ordering of events along a continuum ranging from very aversive, through neutral, through very desirable.

Question 21

desire

Answer 21

an outcome is desirable if it is preferred to a neutral outcome or some other already known desirable outcome

Question 22

aversion

Answer 22

an outcome is aversive if a neutral or less aversive outcomeis preferred to it.