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PSYC 360 Motivation > PSYC360 EXAM 1 questions > Flashcards

PSYC360 EXAM 1 questions Flashcards

1
Q

temperament

A

refers to very stable tendencies toward having positive or negative affect

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2
Q

moods

A

are typically characterized as 1) being relatively weak but pervasive affective experiences 2) not having specific object that a person recognizes as having produced the mood 3) being relatively enduring

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3
Q

emotions

A

are relatively more brief and intense than moods and have some specific object toward which there is a tendency to act.

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4
Q

verbal behavior

A

we cannot directly observe other people’s emotional experiences, but we can record what they say about them

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5
Q

nonverbal behavior

A

any behavior besides talking that a person or and animal might engage in and that can readily be seen by the naked eye.

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6
Q

affect

A

feelings of pleasant and unpleasant

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7
Q

Emotions defined

A

intervening variables with environmental events as antecedent conditions and verbal reports of experience, behaviors and physiological changes as a consequent conditions.

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8
Q

parasympathetic

A

portion of the ANS that is concerned with digestive activity

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9
Q

sympathetic

A

portion of the ANS is concerned with such emergency functions as preparation of the body for fight or flight

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10
Q

endorphins

A

the brain’s natural opiates, may be key neurotransmitters for reward and involved in all forms of addiction

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11
Q

amygdala in regards to motivation

A

is active during negative emotion and has been extensively studied for its role in negative emotion, especially fear.

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12
Q

discrete emotion theories

A

assume that there is some small number of core emotions and that the many emotion words apply only to these core emotions and their combinations

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13
Q

extrapyramidal motor system

A

the part of the brain responsible for involuntary emotional responses

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14
Q

pyramidal motor system

A

the part of the brain responsible for voluntary responses

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15
Q

Describe the strong versions of cognitive theories.

A

the occurrence of emotions depends on how we appraise or evaluate situations. In particular, emotion is related to our readiness to act in a certain way.

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16
Q

Is cognition necessary for emotions?

A

No emotional responses to stimuli can be immediate and do not require cognitive appraisal.

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17
Q

how does Professor Rabin define motivation.

A

motivation is concerned with the conditions that leads to the arousal of goal directed behavior.

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18
Q

What is the hedonic axiom.

A

that organisms direct their behaviors to maximize pleasure and minimize distress.

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19
Q

How are emotions related to motivation?

A

Emotions provide the bases for goal directed behavior.

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20
Q

What is always important in terms of goal directed behavior?

A

approach and avoidance.

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21
Q

What kind of difference is there between emotions and motivation?

A

it’s a quantitative difference, a difference of degree not of kind. Degree of arousal(emotion is higher), degree of goal direction(motivation is higher)

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22
Q

Which is more organized motivation or emotion?

A

Motivation, it is more goal directed.

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23
Q

Is the distinction between motivation and emotions real?

A

The only distinction we can make is the goal.

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24
Q

Is love motivation or emotion?

A

Both depending on how it affect behavior.

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25
Q

What are the 4 components of emotion?

A

The experience or subjective feeling, physiological arousal (heart rate, sweat), expressive reactions (smile, laughter, crying), and emotion related instrumental activity (you do something about it)

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26
Q

Name the three classic theories of emotions.

A

James-Lange, Cannon Bard, and Papez-MaClean.

27
Q

What kind of syndrome is emotions?

A

Emotions are a multidimensional response syndrome.

28
Q

Which part of the brain does the James-Lange theory link emotions to?

A

peripheral autonomic nervous system

29
Q

Which part of the brain does the Cannon-Bard theory link emotions to?

A

central thalamus

30
Q

Which part of the brain does the Papez-MaClean link emotions to?

A

central limbic system

31
Q

How do the three classic theories of emotions differ?

A

The physiological system to which they identify the experience of emotions.

32
Q

In the James-Lang theory what precedes emotions?

A

Emotions follow response.

33
Q

Which theories is this from SEE BEAR > RUN>WE are afraid

A

James-Lange

34
Q

According to the James-Lange theory the perception of what is required for emotions?

A

It is the perception of physiological changes that are mediated by the autonomic nervous system

35
Q

Who would say “You do not run because you are afraid, you are afraid because you run”?

A

William James

36
Q

What is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system

A

heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and gastrointestinal functions

37
Q

What is the main problem with James-Lange theory?

A

It is impossible to test his theory. He came up with the idea of cognitive emotions, we report the emotions we know we should be having.

38
Q

Name three problems with the James-Lange theory of emotions.

A

Visceral system does not response quick enough, drug induced physiological changes are not identified as emotions, there is no pattern of physiological change that relates to specific emotions.

39
Q

How might physiological changes actually be related to emotions?

A

They might enhance the experience of emotions but is not the cause.

40
Q

Who severed the sympathetic nervous system out of cats?

A

Cannon and Bard

41
Q

Who showed the James-Lange theory to be inaccurate?

A

Cannon and Bard

42
Q

Who coined “shame rage”

A

Cannon and Bard

43
Q

Define Shame rage

A

inappropriate emotional response to stimuli

44
Q

According to Cannon which part of the brain inhibits emotional expression by the thalamus?

A

The cerebral cortex

45
Q

According to Cannon what part of the brain expresses emotions?

A

The thalamus

46
Q

Who’s theory first suggested that stimuli had to be interpreted to be an emotional response?

A

Cannon-Bard

47
Q

Why does the Cannon-Bard theory not stand up??

A

Removal of the cortex or the thalamus does not cause or terminate emotions.

48
Q

Avoidance learning requires and emotional what?

A

mediator

49
Q

a lesion in the limbic system disrupts avoidance learning but not?

A

discrimination learning.

50
Q

Is there any evidence Papez-Maclean theory?

A

No.

51
Q

Describe the Discrete theory of emotions.

A

Small number of basic genetically determined emotions common to all individual.

52
Q

Describe dimensional approaches.

A

emotions can be grouped along two or three dimensions. Pleasant, unpleasant, and arousal.

53
Q

What are the 8 emotions describes by Plutchik?

A

fear, anger, joy, sadness, acceptance, surprise, disgust, anticipation.

54
Q

According to the discrete theory the use of emotions is.

A

survival.

55
Q

is arousal neutral?

A

No.

56
Q

What kind of a process are emotions?

A

Central

57
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in emotions?

A

To enhance the experience of emotions.

58
Q

The European definition of instinct is a ?

A

Descriptive model

59
Q

Who came up with the hydraulic model of instinct?

A

Lorenz

60
Q

IS behavior useful in maintaining homeostasis?

A

Yes

61
Q

who studies homeostasis in rats?

A

Richeter

62
Q

What kind of concept is drive?

A

An explanatory concept

63
Q

Drive theory works for which two drives?

A

Hunger and Thirst.

PSYC 360 Motivation (2 decks)

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