PSYC23: Lesson 1 Flashcards
regarded as the father of Clinical Psychology
Lightner Witmer
Originally defined as similar to medicine,
education, and sociology
first used in 1907 by Lightner Witmer
Clinical psychology
The field of clinical psychology involves ________, __________, and _________ relevant to the applications of principles, methods, and procedures for understanding, predicting, and alleviating intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social and behavioral maladjustment, disability and discomfort, applied to a wide range of client populations.
research, teaching, and services
The field of clinical psychology involves research, teaching, and services relevant to the applications of principles, methods, and procedures for understanding, predicting, and alleviating _______,________, __________, _______, _____ and _____________ disability and discomfort, applied to a wide range of client populations.
intellectual,
emotional,
biological,
psychological,
social and
behavioral maladjustment
Tremendous growth has resulted for clinical psychology to be a very broad, hard-to-define field
Brief definitions emphasize the ______, _______, and __________ of people with psychological problems
study,
assessment, and
treatment
APA Division 12 Definition of Clinical Psychology
“The field of Clinical Psychology integrates science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development.
Clinical Psychology focuses on the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life span, in varying cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels.” (APA, 2012)
Educational path to become a practitioner in
Clinical Psych
– Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology (BS/BA; however other degree are welcome but they will get 18 units undergraduate Psychology courses)
– Master’s degree (with relevant coursework in clinical field and supervision)
– Take the Psychologist board exam – you will be called Registered Psychologist (R. Psy)
– The R. Psy is a general licence, further training and supervised work in the clinical field is needed
– Apply for Certification in PAP – you are now a Certified Clinical Psychologist (CCLP)
In recent decades, specialty tracks have emerged,
including:
– Child
– Health
– Forensic
– Family
– Neuropsychology
Three Models of Training
- Scientist-practitioner model (or Boulder
model) - Practitioner-scholar model (or Vail model)
- Clinical scientist model
Emphasizes both practice and research
– Created in 1949 at a conference in Boulder, Colorado
of directors of clinical psychology training programs
– Graduates should be able to competently practice (e.g.,
therapy, assessment) and conduct research
– A balanced approach
Scientist-Practitioner Model (Boulder Model)
Emphasizes practice over research
Created in 1973 in a conference in Vail, Colorado
Also known as practitioner-scholar model
Yields the Psy.D. degree (not the traditional Ph.D.)
Higher acceptance rates and larger classes
Proliferated in recent years
Practitioner-Scholar Model (Vail Model)
Ph.D. vs Psy.D.
Doctor of Philosophy Vs Doctor of Psycholog
Emphasize practice and
research
Ph.D.
Emphasize practice over
research
Psy.D.
Smaller classes
Ph.D
Larger classes
Psy.D.
Lower acceptance rate
Ph.D.
Greater acceptance rate
Psy.D.
Typically in university departments
Ph.D.
Often in free-standing professional schools
Psy.D.
Offer more funding to students
Ph.D.
Offer less funding to students
Psy.D
Greater success in placing students in APAaccredited internships
Ph.D.
Less success in placing students in APA-accredited internships
Psy.D.
Tend to train researchers rather than practitioners
Emerged in 1990s, primarily as a reaction against the trend toward practice represented by Vail model
Richard McFall’s 1991 “Manifesto for a Science of Clinical Psychology” sparked this movement
A subset of Ph. D. institutions who strongly endorse empiricism and science
Clinical Scientist Model
Emerging Trends in Training
Technology
Competencies
– Use of webcams for supervision
– Computer-based assessment
Technology
– Skills that a student must demonstrate
– Ex. Intervention, assessment, research, etc.
Competencies
Where Do Clinical Psychologists Work?
A variety of settings, but _____________ is
most common; True since 1980s
private practice
Other common work settings include
– Universities
– Psychiatric and general hospitals
– Community mental health centers
– Other settings
What do Clinical Psychologists Do?
A variety of activities, but ____________ is most common; True since 1970s
psychotherapy
Other common professional activities include:
– Diagnosis/assessment
– Teaching/supervision
– Research/writing
– Other activities
– Tend to see less seriously disturbed clients
– Tend to work less often in settings like inpatient hospitals or units
– Tend to endorse humanism more and behaviorism less
– Tend to be more interested in vocational and career counseling
Counseling Psychologists:
– Go to medical school and are physicians
– Have prescription privileges (this is changing for clinical psychologists—see Chapter 3)
– Increasingly emphasize biological/pharmaceutical rather than “talk therapy” intervention
Psychiatrists
– Tend to emphasize social factors in client’s
problems
– Earn a master’s degree rather than a doctorate
– Training emphasizes treatment and fieldwork over research or formalized assessment
Social Workers
– Tend to work in schools
– Tend to have a more limited professional focus than clinical psychologists (student wellness and learning)
– Frequently conduct school-related testing and determine LD and ADHD diagnoses
– Consult with adults in children’s lives (e.g., teachers, staff, parents)
School Psychologists
– Earn a master’s degree
– Complete training in two years
– Little emphasis on psychological testing or research
– May specialized in career, school, college counseling
Professional Counselors
