PSYC2030 Practice Questions - Wk4 Emotional Development and Attachment

Question 1

What was Freud’s hypothesis about the primary caregiver?

Answer 1

The mother would be the primary attachment because she fulfils the child’s need for survival.

Question 2

What was Bowbly’s argument for how attachment worked?

Answer 2

It was biologically based.

Question 3

What are bowlby’s 4 characteristics of attachment?

Answer 3

1. Proximity maintenance
2. Safe haven (return when threat)
3. Secure base (exploration)
4. Separation distress

Question 4

How does attachment progress in phases (Bowlby)?

Answer 4

Orient to human figures; then, focus on primary caregiver; specific attachments and seeking due to locomotor skills; awareness of others’ desires.

Question 5

What is a securely attached baby?

Answer 5

Type B - hits all of bowlby’s characteristics of attachment

Question 6

What is insecure avoidant attachment style?

Answer 6

Type A -

Question 7

What is insecure resistant?

Answer 7

Type C -

Question 8

What has Secure attachment been linked to?

Answer 8

• positive emotional health
• high self esteem
• self-confidence
• socially competent interactions

Question 9

What are problems with the Strange Situation?

Answer 9

It tests a typical westernised type of environment and child rearing styles

Question 10

What is temperament?

Answer 10

Individual differences in behavioural styles, emotions, and ways of responding to people/situations.

Question 11

What are the three classifications of temperament?

Answer 11

Easy - slow to warm up - difficult

Question 12

Is the way you handle novel stimulus as a child indicative of your later behaviour?

Answer 12

Some research suggests so.

Question 13

According to Rothbart what might temperament actually be?

Answer 13

Just one component of emotional self-regulation.

Question 14

According to Rothbart (2004), what is missing from theories of temperament?

Answer 14

Children can use cognitive and flexible approaches to handle emotions. So, emotions don’t always affect your actions, self-regulation (cognitive) components play a part as well.

Question 15

What is an emotion?

Answer 15

feeling or affect, in response to events in the world.

Question 16

What makes an emotion?

Answer 16

Expressions, physiological components, coping behaviours, and cognitions

Question 17

What is the functionalist view of emotions?

Answer 17

Emotions are goal driven, with with inseparable and external causes.

Question 18

Can infants use expressions?

Answer 18

Yes social referenceing starts around 12 mo.

Question 19

How advanced is babies ability to use others’ emotional expressions?

Answer 19

not very. They sometimes don’t actively look for the signals, and they also can’t distinguish different types expressions (eg. All negative faces treated the same)

Question 20

How do children acquire emotion categories?

Answer 20

Children start with a diffuse understanding of people’s emotions - positive/negative. These categories then become more complex.

Question 21

What are secondary emotions?

Answer 21

THey are also social emotions. They’re more complex and involve considering social situations, self evaluation, and other people evaluating you.

Question 22

What are examples of secondary emotions?

Answer 22

Shame is different to sadness. And pride is different to happiness. Because they involve social evaluations and a reaction to social standards.

Question 23

When do children begin to anticipate adult reactions to their performance?

Answer 23

18m-3.5y

They: 1. Look to adults after achievement, 2. Display social avoidance behaviours after failure

Question 24

When do children understand others are judging them?

Answer 24

Around 3 years old.