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PSYC106 PT2 > PSYC106 PT2 > Flashcards

PSYC106 PT2 Flashcards

1
Q

Philippe Pinel was the leading Modern Psychiatry when?

A

17th Century (1745-1826)

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2
Q

Who began classifying mental disorders?

A

Philippe Pinel

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3
Q

What is the reform of ‘Moral treatment’

A

The removing of ‘torture like tools’ and using Psychotherapy

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4
Q

Dorothea Dix accomplished?

A

The first generation of state-supported public mental asylums after noting that many of “insane” were in prisons

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5
Q

What is Deinstitutionalization

A

Getting people out of asylums and into the community

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6
Q

When did Deinstitutionalization occur

A

Mid 1950’s

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7
Q

Asylum in NZ opened when?

A

1854

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8
Q

When were mental asylums changed to mental hospitals?

A

1911

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9
Q

When were psychriatric hospitals closed?

A

1990’s

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10
Q

Psychiatrists have…

A

Medical Degree

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11
Q

Clinical psychologists have…

A

Doctral Degree

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12
Q

Psychotherapy is…

A

A fixed interaction between a client and a therapist that icorperates psychological principles

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13
Q

Features in therapy (5)

A

Attentive listening, Empathy, Nonverbal behaviours, Instilling hope (Caring attitude), Positive expectancies

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14
Q

What is the Placebo effect?

A

The procedure that has been ‘applied’ with the expectation that a healing response will occur

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15
Q

How do Placebos help

A

Trigger release of endorphins

Exerts activation of brain regions associated with pain

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16
Q

What did Smitt and Glass identify

A

75% clients are better off having therapy than not

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17
Q

Smith Glass and Millier found…

A

80% of those receiving therapy did better than those who did not receive therapy

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18
Q

Types of Therapy (5)

A 
Psychodynamic
Humanistic and existential
Cognitive behavioural (CBT)
Group
Biological
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19
Q

Who founded Psychoanalysis therapy

A

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

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20
Q

What is Psychoanalysis?

A

The process of revealing the unconscious - understanding the unconscious

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21
Q

What is the tripartite model

A

The model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal

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22
Q

What are the psychoanalytic techniques in Psychoanalysis?

A

Free association: client reports every thought that enters the mind
Dream analysis: Dreams being treated as a metaphor with unconscious confliction
Projective tests e.g ink blots
Resistance analysis

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23
Q

Resistance analysis steps in Psychoanalysis (4)

A

Confrontation
Clarification
Interpretation
Working through

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24
Q

What is Transference

A

Transferring onto therapist one’s infantile wishes in hope that therapist will gratify them

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25
Q

What is Countertransference

A

therapist’s own reactions transferred to the patient

26
Q

Problems with Psychoanalytic therapy…

A

Conflicts about sex and aggression
Power imbalance between analyst and patient
Therapy needs to be consistent several days/months

27
Q

Client-centered therapy looks at…

A

thoughts, abilities, cleverness of

client

28
Q

Features of Client-centered therapy

A

Empathy, Unconditional positive regard, Genuineness

29
Q

Gestalt Therapy focuses on…

A

The clients awareness of their thoughts, behaviours,

experiences and feelings, by focussing on the here and now (How did you get to this position)

30
Q

What are Psychodynamic therapies?

A

Emphasise on early developmental processes as the source of psychological dysfunction

31
Q

Cognitive and behavioural therapies are?

A

The focus on current factors that contribute to ‘misbehaviour’

32
Q

Cognitive and behavioural therapies look at:

A
  • dysfunctional thoughts
  • maladaptive behaviours
  • negative emotions
33
Q

Behaviour Therapy is based on what?

A

Based on classical and operant conditioning

34
Q

Classical conditioning

A

A learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus

35
Q

Operant conditioning

A

A learning procedure that involves reinforcement and punishment

36
Q

Aim for Behaviour Therapy (3)

A
  • Eliminating unwanted behaviours
  • Promoting desired behaviours
  • Reducing unwanted emotional responses
37
Q

Aversion therapy is….

A

Eliminating unwanted behaviours e.g smoking, drinking, etc

38
Q

How to accomplish Aversion therapy

A

Use of operant conditioning

39
Q

2 Categries of operant learning

A

Positive reinforcement to increase behaviours

Negative reinforcement to decrease behaviours

40
Q

Shapping is…

A

systematic reinforcement of behaviours that successivelyapproximate desired behaviour

41
Q

Extinction is…

A

non-reinforcement of a behaviour to decrease probability of a future response

42
Q

Methods of fear reduction

A
  • Systematic desensitization
  • Exposure therapy
  • Modeling
43
Q

Goal of Systematic Desensitization

A

Overcome avoidance of fear by gradual exposure to the phobic object until it can be tolerated

44
Q

Where was Systematic desensitisation crafted?

A

Developed from laboratory studies of

classical conditioning

45
Q

3 Phases to achieve Systematic desensitisation…

A
  • Learn deep muscle relaxation
  • Develop a fear hierarchy
  • Work up the fear hierarchy using relaxation to reduce anxiety until comfortable
46
Q

Modelling is…

A

learning behaviour by observing and imitating others

Based on Social learning Theory

47
Q

Virtual Reality Therapy is…

A

Type of systematic desensitisation

48
Q

A T Beck created

A

Cognitive Therapy

49
Q

Cognitive Theory aims to…

A

help the person identify and correct distorted or unhelpful thinking that leads to emotional and behavioural problems

50
Q

Rational Emotive Therapy - the A,B,C

A 
A = Activating event in the environment
B = Belief triggered in client’s mind by event
C = Emotional consequence of the belief
51
Q

What part of Rational Emotive Therapy attempts to target therapy (A,B,C?)

A

B - Belief triggered in client’s mind by event

52
Q

Group therapy helps with

A

social learning

53
Q

How does family therapy work?

A

The family is the unit of treatment - Trying to solve faultily communication

54
Q

Antipsychotic medications helped to manage what disease

A

Schizophrenia (1950s - 1960s)

55
Q

Antipsychotic medications may block

A

dopamine receptors

56
Q

Examples of Atypical antipsychotics

A

(clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine)

57
Q

Anti-anxiety medications =

A

Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, temazepam)

58
Q

Serotonin and noradrenaline do what in cells

A

Reuptake inhibitors

59
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is

A

a magnet placed above right or left eyebrow to stimulate right or left prefrontal cortex - treats depression

60
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy helps with

A

treats server depression - may also impair short term memory

PSYC106 PT2 (2 decks)

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