PSYC101 - 13 Flashcards
What is the pathway of cognition?
Information/sensations -> emotions/memories -> thoughts
What are concepts?
Categories of linguistic info, images, ideas, memories
How are concepts formed?
Observing details and categorizing into cognitive structures
What is a prototype?
Best representation of a concept.
Natural vs Artificial concept
Natural - created through experiences
Artificial - defined by specific characteristics
Role vs Event schema
Role - make assumptions on how individuals in certain roles will behave (can be made via stereotypes)
- provide structure to a novice
Event - set of behaviour that are like a routine. Automatic and difficult to change. (ex. process of entering elevator)
- can lead to incorrect predictions
Type of problem solving strategies
Trial & Error
Algorithm
Heuristic methods
Working backwards
When are heuristic methods used?
Faced with too much/little info, decision time is limited. decision is unimportant, heuristic is first to come to mind
What is a mental set?
Persistance in approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past but not anymore
Define functional fixedness
Inability to perceive an object for other than its intended use.
Anchoring bias
Focus on one piece of info when problem solving
Representative bias
Unintentionally stereotyping, overreliance on certain way of thinking
Availability heuristic
make decision based on example, info, or recent experience that is readily available even though it may not be the best example
What did Ulric Neisser do?
- Coined cognitive psychology, father of CP
- Studied the scientific study of mental processes
- Conceptualized complex cognitive processes as involving many constituent cognitive processes
Define mindlessness
If something does not fit a schema, you are less/more likely to notice
