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Mcat > Psyc/Soc > Flashcards

Psyc/Soc Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Selective attention theories

A

Broadbent Early selection- pre perceptual filter
Deutsche and deutsche - post perceptual filter
Treisman Attenuation - pre perceptual attenuator

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2
Q

Freud stages

A 
Oral (0-1) 
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latent (6-12)
Sexual (12+)
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3
Q

Erikson’s stages

A 
Trust vs Mistrust (0-1)
Autonomy vs Shame (1-3)
Initiative vs Guilt (3-6)
Industry vs inferiority (6-12)
Identity vs role confusion (12-18)
Intimacy vs isolation (18-35)
Generativity vs stagnation (35-65)
Integrity vs despair (65+)
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4
Q

Piaget stages

A

Sensorimotor (0-2): object permanence
Pre-operational (2-7): egocentrism
Concrete operational (7-11): conservation
Formal operational (11+):

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5
Q

Catell Fluid vs Crystallized

A

Crystallized - accumulation of facts, rote memorization

Fluid - ability to think flexibly

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6
Q

Kohlberg stages of moral development

A

Pre conventional - obedience vs punishment (how to avoid punishment), self interest
Conventional - good boy and good girl (how to be liked), law and order
Post conventional - social contract, universal ethical principle (gandhi)

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7
Q

Projection bias

A

Assume others have same beliefs as we do

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8
Q

Groupthink vs group polarization

A

One polar view is accentuated

Tendency for people to conform

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9
Q

Humanistic theory

A

Rogers
Emphasizes good in humans
Concepts like self actualization

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10
Q

Five factor model

A

OCEAN

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11
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A 
Basic needs
Safety
Love
Esteem
Self actualization
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12
Q

Languagee acquisition device

A

Chomsky

Innate ability to acquire language

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13
Q

Sapir whorf hypothesis

A

Aka linguistic relativity

Structure of language affects worldview

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14
Q

Peptide vs steroid hormones

A

Fast and temporary

Slow and permanent

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15
Q

Visual system organization

A

Photoreceptors -> bipolar cells -> ganglion cells

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16
Q

Cooley

A

Looking glass self

Intx with others shapes personality

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17
Q

Mead

A

I vs me

Me - “what they think of me”, view of self w.r.t how others think of the person

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18
Q

Folkway vs more

A

More - more punishment from violation

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19
Q

Assimilation vs amalgamation

A

Amalgamation results in new culture

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20
Q

Actor observer bias

A

Tendency to attribute own faults to external causes, others faults to internal causes

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21
Q

Anomie

A

No norms eads to deviance

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22
Q

Latent vs manifest functions

A

Latent have no intended consequence, manifest have intended consequence

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23
Q

Rational choice theory

A

Cost benefit

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24
Q

Social exchange theory

A

We value interactions that are rewarding, devalue those that are punishing

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25
Q

Vygotsky

A

Zone of proximal development

More knowledgeable other

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26
Q

Emotion theories

A

James lange - physiological arousal leads to emotion
Canon bard - emotions and arousal occur at the same time
Schatcher singer - physiological arousal and cognition combine to create emotion

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27
Q

Stages of sleep

A 
Awake - alpha waves
Stage 1 - theta
Stage 2 - theta, K complexes, sleep spindles
Stage 3,4 - delta waves /deep sleep
REM - beta waves
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28
Q

Social reproduction

A

Transmission of inequalities from one generator to the next

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29
Q

Cultural relativism opposite

A

Ethnocentrism

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30
Q

Classical conditioning example

A

US - food
UR - salivate

CS - bell
CR - salivate

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31
Q

Gestalt

A 
Similarity
Proximity 
Figure ground
Closure 
continuity
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32
Q

Theories of intelligence

A

Spearmans general intelligence g
Gardners multiple intelligence
Galtons hereditary genius
Binet’s mental age: some childrens mental age is higher than avg

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33
Q

Assimilation vs accomodation

A

Accomodation: we change how we think to accomodate new info
Assimilation: we change the new info so that it fits our schemas

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34
Q

Implicit memory

A

Procedural memory

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35
Q

Reaction formation

A

Acting opposite to how you feel: e.g. hating someone you love

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36
Q

Regression

A

Going back to an earlier (childhood) behavior

E.g. bedwetting after trauma

37
Q

Sublimation

A

Channelling aggressive energy into art or something productive

38
Q

Projection

A

Im not angry you are

39
Q

Wernicke area

A

Temporal lobe

Comprehension

40
Q

Broca area

A

Frontal lobe

Speech

41
Q

Language hemisphere

A

Left

42
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostatic equilibrium

43
Q

Cocaine

A

Stimulant - increase glucose mobilization

44
Q

Heroin

A

Pain relief

45
Q

Operant extinction

A

Researcher stops giving reinforcements and the behavioural response stops

46
Q

Stimulus generalization

A

Pavlov dogs salivating to other bell tones

47
Q

Stimulus discrimination

A

Pavlov dogs only salivating to a specific tone

48
Q

Instinctual drift

A

Tendency for animal to revert to innate behaviour after having learned a behaviour via operant conditioning

49
Q

Sensory memory

A

Gets transferred to short term memory

50
Q

Proximal vs distal stimulus

A

E.g. light falling on retina vs tree

51
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

The way perception is organized is based on how the brain is organized

52
Q

Behaviorism vs cognitive psych

A

Behaviorists think actions are influenced by external environment

Cognitive psych think actions are influenced by mental state

53
Q

Feature detectors

A

Neurons that have specific abilities to detect certain features

54
Q

Monozygotic vs dizygotic twins

A

Develop from same egg and sperm that split

Develop from two separate egg and sperm pairs

55
Q

Incentive theory

A

Factors outside individuals (community, culture) can create incentives

E.g. to get someone to quit smokin

56
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

Behaviors are learned by observing others

57
Q

Modeling

A

Observational learning

58
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Examines micro interactions

59
Q

Looking glass self

A

Self concept influenced by how we perceive others view us

60
Q

Nucleus accumbens

A

Reward

61
Q

Universal emotions

A

Happy, sad, fear, anger, disgust, surprise

62
Q

Place theory

A

Place on basilar membrane indicates pitch

63
Q

Interposition

A

Visual system. One object on top of other object

64
Q

Parallel processing

A

Vision. Brain divides vision inti color, motion, depth, shape

65
Q

Brain imaging

A

PET - glucose flow
fMRI - blood flow
CT - like xray

66
Q

Reliability vs validity

A

Consistency vs accuracy

67
Q

Clusters personality disorders

A

A - schizo type/weird
B - wild
C - worried

68
Q

General adaptation syndrome

A

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

69
Q

Freud iceberg

A

Id - unconscious
Ego- preconscious and conscious
Superego - all 3

70
Q

Eysenck traits

A

3 factor model

Psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism

71
Q

Deindividuation

A

Getting carried away with the group that you lose your own thinking

72
Q

Bottom up vs top down processing

A

Bottom up starts with information in the environment that is perceived

Top down starts with a cognition

73
Q

Bottom up vs top down processing

A

Bottom up starts with information in the environment that is perceived

Top down starts with a cognition

74
Q

Conversion disorder

A

Sudden loss of vision or paralysis due to stressor

75
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Low risk of dependence

76
Q

Dissociative disorder

A

Sudden lack of connection between memories or identity

77
Q

Discrimination vs prejudice

A

Discrimination- involves differential treatment

78
Q

Avoidance vs escape

A

Escape requires there to be an aversive stimulus in the first place

79
Q

Classical conditioning stages

A

Acquisition (CS + UCS)
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery

80
Q

Functionalism

A

Manifest vs latent

81
Q

Conflict theory

A

Struggle for limited resources shapes social structure

82
Q

Conflict theory

A

Struggle for limited resources shapes social structure

83
Q

Functionalism

A

Manifest vs latent

84
Q

Classical conditioning stages

A

Acquisition (CS + UCS)
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery

85
Q

Avoidance vs escape

A

Escape requires there to be an aversive stimulus in the first place

86
Q

Discrimination vs prejudice

A

Discrimination- involves differential treatment

87
Q

Dissociative disorder

A

Sudden lack of connection between memories or identity

88
Q

Thomas theorem

A

If men define circumstances as real, they are real in their consequences

89
Q

Thomas theorem

A

If men define circumstances as real, they are real in their consequences

Mcat (7 decks)

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