PSYC-2400 Flashcards
Feminine stereotype
Expressiveness
Latina women
Have traditionally faced an ideal of femininity that glorified motherhood, subservience, and long-suffering endurance.
Peck and Chodorow disagree with Freud on:
Girls encounter more difficulties than boys in forming a proper gender identification.
“Females are superior to males on verbal tasks”
Alpha bias
Bias in formulating a research question
Maternal deprivation and paternal work patterns.
“Achievement” defined in terms of promotions at work
Androcengric norms
Transsexualism
Unknown cause.
Testosterone
Delinquency, drug use and winning the lottery.
Selection bias
Participants were self-selected for motivation and interest.
Factors which produce small performance differences in males and females on cognitive tasks
Motivation, self-confidence, gender-role socialization.
Menarche
First onset of menstruation.
Couvade syndrome
Physical symptoms developed for emotional reasons by expectant fathers.
Mid-life crisis
Loss of future
There is no differences between male and female performance on tests of general intelligence
IQ tests designed to eliminate differences between males and females.
First eight weeks of fetal development
Genitalia are identical but can still develop into male or female genitalia.
Children learn gender roles through external rewards and punishments, mature and internal rewards and punishments
Social cognitive Theory.
P
The probability of findings being an accident is less than 5%, and is therefore statistically significant.
Schema
Interpret information by relating it to something you already believe is true, ignore information that does not conform.
Narrative approach
Interviewed subject gives information, interviewer gives interpretation, records subjects reaction to interpretation.
Interpersonal behaviour circle
Hostile - loving Active | passive Masculine Androgynous Feminine
Sexual orientation: nature or nurture
Exposure to certain hormones during early development, not significantly higher. Likely genetic and social. Sexual orientation not all or nothing.
Menopause
Can be frightened into believing it is bad, but women who have experienced it feel good about it.
All data on sex differences is
Correlational data
Small difference in mean scores on male/female characteristics
Large difference at the extremes of the characteristic or behaviour.
Observer bias
Exaggeration of small differences and selective perception based on existing cognitive categories
Female orgasm
Has greater variation in intensity and duration.
Gender roles contribute to gender differences in health patterns
Women are more expressive and value intimacy, gender roles differ in risk taking.
Gender differences in depression
First become noticeable in adolescence, show in general that women are more likely than men to experience serious depressions.
Eating disorders
90% women
Behaviour therapy vs cognitive behaviour therapy
Very similar, thoughts are focus, behaviours and emotions result of thoughts.
Refractory period
Amount of time between resolution phase and being stimulated again in men.
Agoraphobia
Psychological disorder, inability to feel safe outside comfort zone. More common in women.
Surrogate-therapist team
Becoming sexually comfortable with another person.
Gender stereotyping of physique on tv
Has been shown to make viewers less satisfied with their own physique, compared to nonsexist ads.
Boys friendships provide
Support of defiance of authority and assertion of independence.
Developing a sense of identity
A sense of self in relation to others and a sense of separateness and individual purpose.
Male bonding
Males report more same sex friendships than women.
Loneliness
Internal attributations for loneliness made by males, loneliness as more related to a lack of social risk taking for males.
Male batterers
Three different types
Women achievement motivation
Achievement arousing instruction involve social skills
Personal resources
Leave influencer dependant on others
Men in female professions
Sexual orientation questioned, promoted to senior positions.
Men treat women protectively, argue they both contribute equally
Benevolent sexism
Participation of women in professions traditionally dominated by men
Nearly half of all law students are now women.
Women violent towards spouses
Are being treated violently by those spouses.
Racial salience
One of the four dimensions of racial identity. At any given time, identify with their race more of less.
Reactance
Person enjoys freedoms, believes those freedoms will be taken away. Men positions of power, women require subtle manipulation.
Women’s fear of success
Horner theorized successful females outside the home unfeminine. In fact, more likely fear is caused by stereotypical innapropriateness of the situation, not necessarily fear of success.
