HIST-1200

Question 1

Minoa

Answer 1

The civilization that inhabited Crete and the surrounding islands which name was derived from the legendary King Minos, from ca. 3000 - about 1380 BC.

Question 2

Mycenae

Answer 2

The people who inhabited Greece and called themselves “Hellenes” from ca. 1600-1100 BC

Question 3

Polis

Answer 3

A city in classical Greece that was also an independent state, and which didn’t share citizenship with any other state.

Question 4

The First Persian War

Answer 4

After Athens aided the Greeks in Ionia revolt against the Persians from 499-493 BC, in which the city of Sardis was burned, King Darius sent his fleet to Athens and was defeated.

Question 5

The Second Persian War

Answer 5

The son of Darius, Xerxes, wished to avenge his father’s defeat, and invaded Greece again from 480-479 BC. After initially being defeated by the Spartans at Thermopylae, the Persian army was defeated in full during a naval battle against heavier Greek ships.

Question 6

The Peloponnesian War

Answer 6

Sparta and its allies fought against Athens from 431-404 BC, ultimately leading to Athens defeat.

Question 7

Macedonia

Answer 7

A kingdom in northern Greece, extending their territory into central Greece after the weakening of the Greek states after their wars.

Question 8

King Philip II

Answer 8

Ruled over Macedonia from 359-336, expanded the territory into central Greece with the defeat of Athens.

Question 9

Alexander the Great

Answer 9

Alexander III, son of Philip II, ruled over Macedonia from 336-323 BC. Expanded territory into Persia.

Question 10

Herodotus

Answer 10

Known as the “father of history,” asked the question “why do events happen.”

Question 11

Thucydides

Answer 11

Officer during the Peloponnesian War, he attempted to write the history of the war, but died seven years before it ended.

Question 12

Julius Caesar

Answer 12

Lived from 100-44 BC. Combined with Pompey and Crassus to form the First Triumverate. Was conspired against and crossed the Rubicon River south with his army to take Rome and rule as dictator. Stabbed to death by two of his lieutenants, Brutus and Cassius on the “Ides of March,” March 15, 44 BC.

Question 13

Marc Antony

Answer 13

Follower of Julius Caesar, helped form the Second Triumverate with Octavian and Lepidus. Had a romance with Cleopatra VII of Egypt, and after being accused of trying to take control by Octavian and was defeated in battle by him, they both took their own lives.

Question 14

Octavian

Answer 14

Grandnephew of Julius Caesar, Octavian formed the Second Triumverate with Marc Antony and Lepidus, eventually took control and became Augustus, the first Emperor of Rome, from 27 BC to 14 AD.

Question 15

Romulous

Answer 15

Mythical founder of Rome, after contested against and killed his brother Remus. He is also known for leading a raid against a neighbouring tribe called the Sabines, capturing and raping thirty of their women.

Question 16

Visigoths

Answer 16

Fleeing their land due to Hunnish raids, the emperor Valens agreed to let them settle south of the Danube and admit them into the Roman Empire. After being treated poorly, they rose up and defeated the Roman army with their superior mounted troops and then went on to sack Rome itself, the first time in 800 years a foreign army had occupied it.

Question 17

Attila the Hun

Answer 17

The scourge of God, united the Mongolian people and was forced to invade Europe because of climate change in Asia.

Question 18

Joan of Arc

Answer 18

Believing she was instructed by heaven to rescue France in 1429, she convinced the Dauphin to give her command of the army and marched to Orleans to raise the English siege. Captured by the Burgundians in 1430 and handed over to the English, she was burned at the steak on charges of witchcraft and heresy.

Question 19

Dante

Answer 19

Medieval author, lived from 1265-1321, exiled from Florence for political reasons in 1302. Most well known for writing The Divine Comedy.

Question 20

Medici

Answer 20

Ruled Florence off and on in the 15th and 16th centuries. A banking family that gained control of the city’s government.

Question 21

Michelangelo

Answer 21

An artist who lived from 1475 to 1564, he is known for such works as his painting The Creation of Man and his sculpture of David.

Question 22

Martin Luther

Answer 22

Lived from 1483 to 1546, was going to be a lawyer but after being knocked to the ground by lightning, chose to become a monk instead. After his Experience in the Tower, he began to protest the Catholic church’s absolution as the way to achieve salvation, which brought about the Protestant reformation.

Question 23

Henry VIII

Answer 23

King of England, wanted to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon. Pope said no, he was convinced but Thomas Cromwell to split from the Catholic Church and declare himself head of the Church of England. Got his divorce.

Question 24

Christopher Columbus

Answer 24

Sailed across the Atlantic in 1492 looking for Asia, but instead found the Caribbean islands.

Question 25

Machiavelli

Answer 25

Became a government official in Florence at the end of the 15th century, exiled when the Medici came back to power in 1512. Went on to write The Prince and The Discourses, along with poetry and plays.

Question 26

Catherine the Great

Answer 26

Ruler of Russia from 1762 to 1796, she gained notoriety by convening a Legislative Commission, which did nothing and in the end made a Charter of the Nobility in which gave the nobles more control.

Question 27

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 27

A French general who conspired with revolutionists to take control of the government. Very militaristic, waged many wars in Europe. Finally faced defeat in Russia, was beaten back by the European countries until the fall of Paris in 1814. Was exiled to the island of Elba.

Question 28

Victor Hugo

Answer 28

Novelist and playwright known for The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Misérables.

Question 29

Karl Marx

Answer 29

Co-writer of the Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels, theory of history.

Question 30

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Answer 30

Heir to the Austrian and Hungarian thrones. Assassinated during a parade in Sarajevo sparking the First World War.

Question 31

Joseph Stalin

Answer 31

Russian communist ruler after the death of Lenin, believed he could transform Russia into an industrial power.

Question 32

Battle of Britian

Answer 32

World War 2 aerial battle to ensure supremacy of the air, and thwart Hitler’s plans of invasion in 1942.

Question 33

Marie Curie

Answer 33

Along with Pierre Curie, found some materials such as radium to be radioactive. Would die of radiation poisoning.