PSYC 122 Flashcards
Test 2
6 sense organs
Ears
Eyes
Nose
Tounge
Organs
skin
Sensitivity
How well you can establish when the stimuli is present or absent
Psychophysics
the relationship between the physical world and the psychological world
Repsonse Bias
When presented with the same stimuli different particpants may repsond differently because they have different perceptual sensitvity, because they are more or less bias in repsonding to the task
Signal detection theory
allows us to seperate sensitivity and response bias
Dark adaptation
you can see in the dark after being in the dark for a while as cones become more sensitive
Fovea
the point where we are focusing at any given time, the point where out vission is the best
Whata are the two types of photoreceptors
Rods and Cones
What are rods
- mostly in your peripheral
- good in dim light because they are sensitive
- lowesy resolution
What are cones
- centered in the middle (foeva)
- tighly packed together in the middle
- respond to differentl wavelengths
not as sensitive
Types of cones
most sensitive at short wavelengths (blue)
most sensitive at medium wavelengths (green)
most sensitive at long wavelengths (red)
Types of colourblindess
monochromat - only has one type of cone
dichromat - has two types of cones
Selective attention
we are not processing everything we have limited attentional capacity
Bottom up processing
taking the information you can see and processing it to udnerstand
Top Down processing
you have searched through the information and already found it (an effortless process)
Change Blidness
- obvious ocne you attention is directed
- door study Simons and Levin
- shows you pay more attention to people in your own social group
Feature Integration theory
Searching for one feature can be done automatically
Searching for a combination of features requires controlled attention
Broadbents filter theory
his theory suggests that our attention acts like a filter, allowing only a limited amount of information to pass through for further processing. This is because our cognitive resources are limited, and we can’t fully attend to all sensory input at once
Treisman’s attenuation mode
theory of selective attention, we don’t completely block out unattended information, but rather turn down its intensisty
Load theory
how hard it is to process the information
Late selection
all incoming sensory information is processed reagrdless of wheather it is intended or not
Trichromatic theory
theory of colour vision suggests that our eyes have three types of colour receptors (red,green and blue)
LGN (Lateral Geniculate Nucleus)
- Receives visual information from the retina.
- Performs initial processing of visual signals before sending them to the visual cortex.
- Organizes visual information based on different features like color, motion, and depth.
Binocular cues meaning
Depth perception cues that rely on both eyes
Types of Binocular cues
Retinal Disparity
Convergence
Retinal Disparity
- is the slight difference between the images that each eye perceives due to the different angles from which each eye views the world
- The greater the disparity between the images, the closer the object is perceived to be.
Convergence
refers to the inward movement of the eyes as they focus on a nearby object. It’s a crucial part of binocular vision, which allows us to perceive depth and see objects in three dimensions
Monocular cues
are depth perception cues that can be perceived with just one eye. They provide valuable information about the distance and spatial relationships of objects in our environment.
Types of monocular cues
Relative size: Larger objects are perceived as closer than smaller objects of the same type.
Occlusion: Objects that block the view of other objects are perceived as closer.
Linear perspective: Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance.
Texture gradient: The texture of surfaces becomes finer as the distance increases.
Aerial perspective: Objects in the distance appear hazier or bluer due to the atmosphere.
Light and shadow: Shadows can indicate the shape and depth of objects.
Motion parallax: When moving, closer objects appear to move faster than farther objects.
Motion Parallax
If you are a passenger on a car and you fixate on the object everything that is further away than the object will look like its moving with you but things that are closer than your fixation point will be going past quickly
bottom up attention
involuntary (this just happens)
stimulus driven attention
uses salience
what is salience
things that stand out from the background in some way
top down attention
voluntary, goal driven
