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Psychology > 121 > Flashcards

121 Flashcards

1
Q

Bob Altemyer

A

authoritarian
submission - should do as they’re told
agression - should be punished if they don’t do as their told
conventionalism

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2
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

Stanford prison experiment
depersonalisation
deindividuation

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3
Q

Albert Bandura

A

observational learning of aggression

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4
Q

Robert Rosenthal

A

the pygmalin effect

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5
Q

The Golem effect

A

lower expectations placed upon individuals either by the supervisors or the individual themselves lead to poorer performance by the individual

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6
Q

Sheldon 20th century

A

constitutional psychology
linked personality to body types

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7
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

Obedience (electric shock study)

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8
Q

Max Ringleman

A

‘Ringleman effect’ rope pulling experiment

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9
Q

Soloman Asch

A

Conformity-line experiment

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10
Q

Bibb Latane

A

bystander effect - waiting room questionnaire

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11
Q

Leon Fistinger

A

cognitive dissonance - dorothy martin end of the world

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12
Q

Gordon Allport

A

social facilitation - pool study

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13
Q

Norman Triplett

A

cyclist/finishing reel

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14
Q

Muzafer Sherif

A

conformity in ambiguous(not certain if right and wrong) - autokinetic effect

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15
Q

Geert Hofstede

A

cultural psychology - cultural views 6 cultural values

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16
Q

Duckit and Sibley

A

Authoritarianism - punitive socialisation as root cause

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17
Q

Ingham, Graves, Peckham

A

social loafing - 3 groups motivation and co ordination loss experiment

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18
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

structuralism - first lab reaction times, introspection

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19
Q

William James

A

Functionalism - used introspection and objective measures

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20
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalysis - focus on unconscious, dream analysis of childhood experiences

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21
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Classical conditioning - salivation and learned response

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22
Q

John. B. Watson

A

Behaviourism - impossibility of introspection, little Albert

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23
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

reinforcement and punishment - skinner box - behaviour and reward

24
Q

Introspection

A

the process when someone examines their own conscious

25
Q

Titchner

A

developed structuralism focuses on the mental process rather than the function

26
Q

deterministic view

A

outside factors determine psychological behaviour and are out of your control

27
Q

Behaviourism

A

theory learning based on the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning, and conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment

28
Q

What culture makes up the majority of psychology

A

westernised

29
Q

Social Psychology definition

A

social interactions, including their origins and their effects on individuals and the world around us

30
Q

conformity

A

the extent to which we do what other people are doing

31
Q

informational influence

A

modify your behaviour, opinions beliefs based on information you receive from others

32
Q

normative influence

A

joining a group of people despite not agreeing with what they believe

33
Q

Authoritarian personality

A

a person who has extreme respect and is more likey to be obedient due to harsh parenting

34
Q

ambiguity

A

uncertainity

35
Q

punitive socialisation

A

idea that being punished as a child leads to authoritarianism

36
Q

social comparison theory

A

the idea that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others

37
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

feeling of uncomfortable tension that comes from holding two conflicting thoughts at the same time

38
Q

what makes cognitive dissonance increase

A
  • the importance of the subject
  • the strength of the conflict between dissonant thought
  • our inability to rationalise and explain away the conflict
39
Q

what makes cognitive dissonance be released

A
  • changing behaviour
  • justifying behaviour by changing the conflicting cognition
    -justifying behaviour by adding new cognitions dissonance is most powerful when it is about our self image
40
Q

depersonalisation

A

switch from seeing themselves as a person to seeing themselves in the group they belong

41
Q

deindividualisation

A

loss of self awareness in groups

42
Q

4 common bioethical principles

A

respect for autonomy
beneficence
malefinance
justice

43
Q

NZ has 4 basic principles

A

don’t discriminate
privacy and confidentiality
responsible caring
integrity and relationships

44
Q

Emic

A

approaches are those primary within a cultural context

45
Q

etic

A

looks at psychology questions formed by cross-cultural perspectives, not assuming that any one culture is relevant in answering questions

46
Q

individualistic cultures

A

self-defined as in separate and independent from the group

47
Q

collectivistic culture

A

self-defined only in relation to the group

48
Q

What are Hofstedes cultural values

A

individualistic/collectivistic
masculine/feminine
uncertainty avoidance
power distance
time perspective
indulgence/restraint

49
Q

correspondence bias/fundamental attribution error

A

tendency to attribute others behaviour to internal distributions rather than situations constraints

50
Q

self-serving bias

A

tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to internal stable ‘causes’ and negative outcomes to external stable factors

51
Q

social facilitation

A

the presence of others improves your individual task performance

52
Q

social loafing

A

a reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task compared to when working either alone or co-atively

53
Q

the ringelmann effect

A

pulling on ropes

54
Q

golem effect

A

phenomenon in which lower expectations placed upon individuals either by the supervisors or the individual themselves lead to poorer

55
Q

Empiricism

A

the idea that all learning comes from only experience and observations

Psychology (3 decks)

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