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PSYC*1010 > PSYC*1010 Chapter 3: Central Tendency > Flashcards

PSYC*1010 Chapter 3: Central Tendency Flashcards

1
Q

What is central tendency?

A

A statistical measure to determine a single score that defines the centre of a distribution

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2
Q

What is the goal of calculating a central tendency?

A

To find a single score that is most representative of the entire group

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3
Q

Which statistical measure is useful for making comparisons between sets of scores?

A

Central tendency

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4
Q

What are the three measures of central tendency

A
  • Mean
  • Median
  • Mode
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5
Q

What is the preferred measure of central tendency?

A

Mean

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6
Q

How is mean calculated?

A

By computing the sum of scores and dividing it by the total number of scores

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7
Q

T or F: Changing the value of any score will change the mean.

A

True

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8
Q

When will adding or removing a score for the distribution NOT change the mean?

A

When the new or removed score is the same as the mean

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9
Q

What will happen to the mean is a constant value is added, subtracted, multiplied or divided to/from/by every score in a distribution?

A

The mean will change in the same way

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10
Q

What does μ represent?

A

The population mean

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11
Q

What do M and X̅ represent?

A

The sample mean

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12
Q

What two values are needed to calculate weighted mean?

A
  • The overall sum of scores for the combined group
  • The total number of scores in a combined group
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13
Q

How is mean calculated from a frequency distribution table?

A

Multiply each score (X) by its frequency and divide the product by the total number of score (Σf)

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14
Q

What is the median?

A

The midpoint of scores in a distribution when they are listed in numerical order

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15
Q

How is the median calculated when the number of scores is even?

A

When the number of scores is even, the median is found by computing the average of the two centre scores

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16
Q

Which measure of central tendency is best when extreme scores or skewed distributions are present?

A

Median

17
Q

Which measure of central tendency should be used if an undetermined score is present?

A

Median

18
Q

Which measure of central tendency should be used if there is an open-ended distribution/ no upper limit?

A

Median

19
Q

Which measure of central tendency should be used if scores are measured on an ordinal scale?

A

Median

20
Q

What is the mode?

A

The score or category with the greatest frequency

21
Q

Which measure of central tendency corresponds to an actual score in the data?

A

Mode

22
Q

What is a bimodal distribution?

A

A distribution with two modes

23
Q

What does a bimodal distribution indicate?

A

That two separate and distinct groups of individuals exist within the sample/population

24
Q

What is a multimodal distribution?

A

A distribution with more than two modes

25
Q

When is the term “major mode” used?

A

Used casually to refer to the taller peak of two modes that are unequal yet have distinctly high frequencies

26
Q

When is the term “minor mode” used?

A

Used casually to refer to the smaller peak of two modes that are unequal yet have distinctly high frequencies

27
Q

Which measure of central tendency should be used if scores are measured on a nominal scale?

A

Mode

28
Q

Which measure of central tendency is best when variables are discrete?

A

Mode

29
Q

T or F: Modes are rarely, if ever, shown in a graph.

A

True

30
Q

What is the main determining factor when deciding how means and medians will be presented?

A

The scale of measurement used for the independent variable

31
Q

Where are the mean, median, and mode located in a symmetrical distribution?

A

Exactly at the centre

32
Q

Where are the mean, median, and mode located in a rectangular distribution?

A
  • Mean and median are exactly at the centre
  • There is no mode
33
Q

Where are the mean, median, and mode located in a positively skewed distribution?

A

In order from left to right: mode (at the peak), median, then mean

34
Q

Where are the mean, median, and mode located in a negatively skewed distribution?

A

The measures of central tendency are presented in order from left to right as mean, median, then mode (at the peak)

PSYC*1010 (13 decks)

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