Psya1 - MEMORY - Multi Store Model of Memory Flashcards
Outline the main components of the Multi Store model of memory (FLOW too)
- Sensory registor (Attention)
- Short term memory (Decay/displacement/maintenance rehearsal)
- Long term memory (Retrieval failure)
Who designed the MSM and whats the basis of info?
Designed by Atkinson and Shiffrin and it shows memory consisting of three stores which link together through processes such as attention and rehearsal.
What is the sensory register? (Every detail)
Place where information is held at each sense e.g. eyes ears nose fingers etc. Capacity is very large as it is subjected to all information that is revealed to us however only stores information we pay attention to.
What is the role of attention in the MSM?
If attention is paid the data is transferred to short term memory. (FIRST STEP IN REMEMBERING) If you pay attention to one sense it will go to STM
What is the Short term memory (STM - every detail + examples)?
Information transferred from sensory register to STM when attention is paid. It is used to do immediate tasks such as remembering directions
CAPACITY: 5-9 Items
Duration: 18-30 seconds - Limited duration info decays if not rehearse.
Information also disappears if its displaced, if new information is processed or it is ‘full’
What is Maintenance rehearsal and what is its role in the MSM?
Repetition keeps info in STM but eventually it creates a long term memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed direct relationship between rehearsal in STM and strength of LTM (More rehearsal = better memory)
What is the Long term memory (every detail)
Unlimited in duration and capacity may feel there are many things once known but forgotten.
What is retrieval and what is its role in the MSM?
Process of getting info back from LTM involves info passing back through the STM
Outline 2 strengths of MSM
- Supporting evidence: Evidence suggests there is a separate store for LTM and STM. Beardsley found prefrontal cortex active during STM but not lTM
- Case study : man names HM, had brain damage (hippocampus removed) and his personality and intellect remained same but couldn’t form new LTM and could remember stuff before the surgery
Outline 2 Limitations of MSM
- Too simple: Suggests STM and LTM are single unitary stores but research does not support this. Working memory model provides more detailed alternative
- LTM involves more than maintenance rehearsal: Lockhart suggested enduring memories are created by the processing you do rather than through maintenance rehearsal: things are processed more deeply are more memorable due to the way they r processed.
Outline one further evaluation point:
How separate are STM AND LTM?
- MSM suggests STM involved before LTM Logie(1999) suggested that STM relies on LTM therefore can’t come ‘first’ E.g. in order to chunk info you need to recall meaningful groups of letters and these meanings are stored in LTM
