PSY2004 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 2 Flashcards
why is defining atypical development always difficult
individual differences in rate of development, traits, strength, weakness
name different types in atypical dev
delay, delay with catchup, lower starting point, advanced
define developmental regression
period where a particular skill is developing along a typical trajectory, but then a child loses aspects of this skill, eg; stops speaking in 2 word phrase
where is developmental regressions most common seen
ASD & intellectual disability
language, motor skill
name 5 developmental domain
adaptive behaviour, social, cognitive, physical, motor skills
name aspects in adaptive behaviour
daily living skills, ability to work, independence, personal responsibility, managing money, personal safety, functional decision making
name components in social development
emotional IQ, gestures, turn taking, nonverbal communication, social interaction, verbal communication, empathy, reciprocal eye contact
name component for cognitive development
memory, numerical ability, IQ, attention, language, executive function
name components of physical development
facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, macrocephaly, diff physical features
name components in motor skill development
fine + gross motor, coordination, activity level, balance
what is very important to remember in group comparisons against representative
choose right group - ie, may not be age instead but a IQ level
can be subjective, relative and may not be good at specific skill compared to others but is one of their strengths (relative strength)
name 2 type of cognition tools for testing atypical development
specific experimental designs, standardised tests
what are specific experimental designs (cognitive tests)
investigate specific RQ, target specific behaviours, with formats varying wide depending on RQ and methodology
- compare ppts results with matched control groups
give examples for specific experimental design (cognitive tests)
face recognition task, ToM, EF
what are standardised tests (cognitive tasks)
measures knowledge/skill, consistent comparable across large populations
follow fixed format, specific instruction, question, scoring procedure then standardise score to indicate how well performed against other regardless of individuals diff
give examples of standardised tests (cognitive tests)
WAIS, WISC, British Ability Scales
compare specific and standardised test on goal (cognitive tests)
standardised measures broader knowledge/skill
experiments test specific skills/test hypothesis
compare specific and standardised test on scope (cognitive tests)
standardised broad in scope, covers range of topic/skill
experiment focused on specific RQs
compare specific and standardised test on generalisability (cognitive tests)
standardised can generalise to larger population but experiment limited depending on their sample, condition
what age is WISC for
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children = age 6-16
define WISC
collection of tasks that each focuses on a specific domain
what 5 domains does WISC include
WM index
verb compreh index
processing speed index
fluid reasoning index
visual spatial index
in WISC, what is WM index
ability to hold info in mind
in WISC, what is verbal comprehension index
ability to understand and use language, + verbal reasoning skills
in WISC, what is processing speed index
ability to quickly and accurately process info
in WISC, what is fluid reasoning index
ability to solve novel problems and think flexibly
in WISC, what is visual spatial index
ability to perceive, analyse, manipulate visual info
what is WISC FSIQ, full scale IQ, split into?
performance IQ (PIQ) and verbal IQ (VIQ)
name an example of a test of adaptive behaviour
VABS - vineland adaptive behaviour scale
summaries VABS -testing adaptive behaviour
semi-structured interview with parent/caregivers, teacher
involving communication, daily living skills, socialisation, motor skills, maladaptive behaviour
in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of communication may study
- receptive- what child understand
- expressive- what child say
- written- what child read/write
in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of daily living skills may study
- personal- eats, dress
- domestic- household task
- community- using time + money
in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of socialisation may study
- interpersonal relationships
- play and leisure
- coping skills
in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of motor skills may study
gross, fine
in VABS test for adaptive behaviour give some examples of what component of maladaptive behaviour may study
internalising, externalising
for VABS, what is advatage of using semi struc intervi
parent may not be sure whats meant and what typical so can use a follow up questions, clarify
name 2 tests for non-verbal ppts
Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV)
Leiter International Performance Scale - Revised (Leiter-R)
what is Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV) and for what ages?
assess nonverb reasoning and prob solv, 4-21
use visual stimuli requiring minimal verb instruction
object assembly, block design + picture arrangement
what is Leiter International Performance Scale - Revised (Leiter-R) and for what age
assess cognitive ability, 3-75
matching pictures, completing pattern + solving maze
what is Leiter-R useful in
ASD, language/hearing impairment
name 2 tests for toddlers and babies
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III)
Infant-Toddler Developmental Assessment (IDA)
what age is Bayley-III, used in
1-42 months
what age is IDA, used in
birth to 36 months, at risk of developmental delay, condition
what does Bayley-III (for toddlers) look at
evaluate cognitive, motor, language, social-emotional, adaptive behaviour
eg, obs motor skills (rolling), tests cognition (attention span), social interaction
what does IDA (for toddlers) look at
evaluate cog, motor, lang, socioemotional, adaptive behaviour through observation, parent report, standardised tasks
often for early intervention and identification if needs addit supports
what is a raw score
addition of all scores, not comparable to eg; older individual
so convert into standardised scores
what is standardised scores
value represent how ppt perform compared against others of same age, gender
removes individual differences
“T score”
what is mean in T score
50 representing mean
10 represents 1SD above/below mean
names benefits of standardised score
- enable a researcher or clinician standardise performance across different groups, test
- provide common language for discussing test performance regardless of how actual test is designed
- easily interpretable for clinician/researcher
- no one set way of standardising although all ends up allowing same comparison
what may some ASD have superior performances for
fluid reasoning, VSS, WM with peaks but deficit in processing speed, verbal reasoining
what do ASD score low on
distractibility, processing speed, perceptual reasoning, comprehension but no significant difference depending on those with high/low autism
