PSY2003 W2 Schizophrenia 2 - L

Question 1

What is the neuropathology obsevred in schizophrenia?

Answer 1

There’s a large loss in gray matter in different regions of the schizophrenia brain.

Question 2

What are some cogntiive aspects of schizophrenia?

Answer 2

Cognitive biases, attentinal biases, reasongin biases, interpretational biases and attribultional biases

Question 3

What are some social aspects of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

Double bind and paradoxical communication, Communication deviance and expressed emotions

Question 4

What are some psychological therapies that might work?

Answer 4

Social skills training, CBT reattribution therapy, Personal therapy, Cognitive remediation training, Family interventions and Community Care

Question 5

What is a specific genetic factor for schizophrenia?

Answer 5

Copy Number Variants (CNVs)

Question 6

What is Copy Number Variants (CNVs)?

Answer 6

Copy Number variants: particular part of the chromosome that is deleted (deletion) or duplicatde (duplication)

Question 7

What is CNV associated with?

Answer 7

Associate with lots of different aspects of psychiatry (autism and schizophrenia) If you have a CNV you might not have any symptoms, but you might also have the criteria of certain disorders.

Question 8

What region is of interest for CNV?

Answer 8

16p11.2 with genes of interest, associated with brain development, you can have CNV of this region

Question 9

How does CNVs lead to brain differences (dopamine)?

Answer 9

NO known but there are some geens related to dopamine within the CNV region

Question 10

What is the differences between a healthy control subject and a schizophrenic patient brain?

Answer 10

Smaller cortex, smaller hippocampus, temporal lobe degeneration, large ventricles, frontal cortex

Question 11

What did Thompson et al. 2001 study

Answer 11

Very early onset (12Y), longitudinal MRI, watch grey matter over time, compare with controls.

Question 12

What is obsevred in schizophrenic patients ?

Answer 12

Severe loss is observed (red and pink, up to 5% annually) in parietal motor and temporal cortices.

Question 13

What also happens in normal adolecent?

Answer 13

A ‘normal’ brain will pruned, so you will loss gray matter

Question 14

What is the main difference between both gray matter losses ?

Answer 14

However, in people with schizophrenia there is more loss of grey matter, in different areas.

Question 15

What does this gray matter loss say about symptoms?

Answer 15

It might be easier to link this general neuropathology to underlying, basic cognitive symptoms than hallucinations or delusions.

Question 16

What is eye tracking sometimes related to in schizophrenia?

Answer 16

Could be related to over acting dopamine or frontal lobe.

Question 17

What is the difference in eye tracking in schizophrenic patients?

Answer 17

Usually, we have a smooth pursuit response of eyes to moving target in a control participant. Patients with schizophrenia have a difficulty making a smooth pursuit movement with their eyes.

Question 18

What does impaired smooth pursuit in all diretions typically indicate?

Answer 18

Cerebellar dysfunction, it becomes more saccadic with age or due to certain drugs.

Question 19

What odes the wisconsin card sorting task reflect for schizophrenic patients?

Answer 19

The ability to do this test is impaired in schizophrenia as well as frontal lobe damage (brain damage). The rule changes people with schizophrenia will just continue with the first rule.

Question 20

What is the link between prepulse inhibiton and schizophrenia?

Answer 20

altered in schizophrenia (as well as eye tracking), could be linked to dopamine. People with schizophrenia struggle with habituating to stimuli.

Question 21

How does the theory of the mind differ in schizophrenia?

Answer 21

Theory of mind might be impaired in schizophrenia; some aspect of socializing might be difficult. Theory of mind might be overactive, It could lead to hallucinations. Theory of mind distorted in schizophrenia. It could be impaired or overactive, we aren’t sure which one.

Question 21

What are some cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia?

Answer 21

Cognitive biases, attentinal biases, reasongin biases, interpretational biases and attribultional biases

Question 22

What is a cognitive bais?

Answer 22

Over report confrontational interactionsW

Question 23

What is a attentional bais?

Answer 23

Like anxiety, over attend to negative stimuli

Question 24

What is a reasoning bias?

Answer 24

jumping to conclusion

Question 25

What is the interpretational bias?

Answer 25

hearing voice

Question 26

What is Seligman’s attributional model?

Answer 26

Attribution of negative events to 3 dimensions.

Question 27

What are the three dimensions (Seligman)

Answer 27

Internal vs external. Global vs specific, Stable vs unstable.

Question 28

How to schizophrenic people interpret negative events?

Answer 28

External, if they are stable, global and external this could lead to delusion (persecutions)

Question 29

What are a few things linking family and schizophrenia?

Answer 29

Double bind and paradoxical communication, Communication deviance and expressed emotions

Question 30

What is a Doublind bind and paradoxical communication?

Answer 30

the verbal message may contradict the implied message therefore invalidating both.

Question 31

Is therea link between SES and schizophrenia?

Answer 31

Low SES is associated with schizophrenia.

Question 32

What is the social drift hypothesis?

Answer 32

those with schizophrenia have difficulty with employment and drift to lower SES.

Question 33

What is the sociogenic hypothesis?

Answer 33

lower SES, more stressful life events. Book stats (Davey) that parental SES at time of birth is not associated with increased risk but

Question 34

How could you treat schizophrenia?

Answer 34

Social skills training, CBT reattribution therapy, Personal therapy, Cognitive remediation training, Family interventions and Community Care

Question 35

What are some major cognitive thoeries in schizophrenia?

Answer 35

Cognitive biases, attentinal biases, reasongin biases, interpretational biases and attribultional biases

Question 36

What are some family aspects of schizophrenia?

Answer 36

Double bind and paradoxical communication, Communication deviance and expressed emotions