PSY20001 Theories of Counselling Flashcards
LIST: psychodynamic theories of counselling
psychoanalytic
adlerian
LIST: Experiential and relationship-orientated theories of counselling (emotion focused)
Existential
person-centred
gestalt
LIST: Cognitive behavioural theories of counselling (action oriented)
rational emotive behaviour therapy
cognitive behavioural therapy
choice theory/reality theory
LIST: Systems and postmodern theories of counselling
feminist therapy
postmodern approaches
family systems therapy
LIST: aims of original psychoanalytic therapy (Freud)
- make unconscious conscious
- assist in reliving childhood experiences
- work through repressed conflicts
IDENTIFY: role of ego-defence mechanisms (Freud)
help individual cope with anxiety
DEFINE: transference
Clients will make projections onto therapist of feelings, attitudes, fantasies. These are reactions to significant figures who played important roles during the developmental process
DEFINE: countertransference
Therapist’s emotional to unconscious response to a statement made by client. Occurs when there is inappropriate affect, therapist responds in irrational way, or when therapist loses objectivity due to trigger of own conflicts
LIST: techniques of psychodynamic therapy (Freud)
free association
interpretation
dream analysis
interpretation of resistance
interpretation of transference
maintaining the analytic framework
IDENTIFY: 7 principles of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (modern)
- Focus on emotions
- Study the avoidance
- Identify themes
- Focus on development: to the extent that it helps understand the current situation
- Focus on relationships: first relationships with family, and other relationships later in life
- Focus on the therapy relationship itself: window into their relationships in general
- Explore fantasy life
COMPARE: Adlerian and Freudian view of human nature and therapeutic practice
Adler was more holistic rather than Freud’s view of mind structures (id, ego, superego)
Adler placed greater emphasis on external factors that influenced personality than Freud
Adler focused only on the past as it was necessary to future selves, while Freud focused on childhood experiences and the unconscious
LIST & DESCRIBE: key concepts of Adlerian perspective
Lifestyle: organisation of client’s reality
Social interest: bonding people feel for each other
Feelings of superiority and inferiority: inferiority negative feelings of oneself; superiority feelings of self esteem and enable us to overcome obstacles
LIST: Life tasks as understood by the Adlerian perspective
- building friendships
- establishing intimacy
- contributing to society
LIST: four phases of counselling as per the Adlerian approach
- Establish proper therapeutic relationship
- Explore the individual’s psychological dynamics
- encourage self understanding and insight
- reorientation and re-education
LIST: key propositions of existential therapy/philosophy
Capacity for self awareness (e.g. opinions)
Freedom and responsibility
Creating identity and establishing meaningful relationships with others
The search for meaning, purpose, values, goals
Anxiety as a condition of living
Awareness of death and nonbeing
COMPARE: existential anxiety and neurotic anxiety
existential anxiety - response to an event being faced, and invitation to freedom (normal human experience
neurotic anxiety - about concrete things that is out of proportion to the situation
OUTLINE: therapeutic goals of existential therapy
assisting clients to move towards authenticity and learning to realise self-deception
help clients face anxiety and engage in meaningful actions
help clients reclaim their lives/encourage taking responsibility
OUTLINE: characteristics of the unique client-therapist relationship in existential therapy
therapy seen as a journey taken by therapist and client
therapist is present
OUTLINE: phases of existential therapy
initial phase: clients are assisted in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world
middle phase: clients are assisted in more fully examining the source and authority of their present value system
final phase: clients are assisted in translating what they have learned about themselves into action
